040.WxpythonDemo
(1) 环境准备
(1.1) 虚拟机配置
自官方链接下载Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS，自带Python 2.7.12
# uname -a
Linux ubuntu 4.15.0-45-generic #48~16.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jan 29 18:03:48 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
(1.2) 修改apt-get源
# sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
# sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# sudo apt-get update
(1.3) 安装pip
# sudo apt install python-pip
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
libexpat1 libexpat1-dev libpython-all-dev libpython-dev libpython2.7 libpython2.7-dev libpython2.7-minimal libpython2.7-stdlib python-all python-all-dev python-dev python-pip-whl python-pkg-resources
python-setuptools python-wheel python2.7 python2.7-dev python2.7-minimal
Suggested packages:
python-setuptools-doc python2.7-doc binfmt-support
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libexpat1-dev libpython-all-dev libpython-dev libpython2.7-dev python-all python-all-dev python-dev python-pip python-pip-whl python-pkg-resources python-setuptools python-wheel python2.7-dev
The following packages will be upgraded:
libexpat1 libpython2.7 libpython2.7-minimal libpython2.7-stdlib python2.7 python2.7-minimal
6 upgraded, 13 newly installed, 0 to remove and 274 not upgraded.
Need to get 29.7 MB/34.6 MB of archives.
After this operation, 45.1 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libpython2.7-dev amd64 2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.9 [27.8 MB]
Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libpython-dev amd64 2.7.12-1~16.04 [7,840 B]
Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libpython-all-dev amd64 2.7.12-1~16.04 [1,006 B]
Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 python-all amd64 2.7.12-1~16.04 [996 B]
Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 python2.7-dev amd64 2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.9 [276 kB]
Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 python-dev amd64 2.7.12-1~16.04 [1,186 B]
Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 python-all-dev amd64 2.7.12-1~16.04 [1,016 B]
Get:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 python-pip-whl all 8.1.1-2ubuntu0.4 [1,110 kB]
Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 python-pip all 8.1.1-2ubuntu0.4 [144 kB]
Get:10 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 python-pkg-resources all 20.7.0-1 [108 kB]
Get:11 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 python-setuptools all 20.7.0-1 [169 kB]
Get:12 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 python-wheel all 0.29.0-1 [48.0 kB]
Fetched 17.3 MB in 1min 2s (278 kB/s)
(Reading database ... 177266 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libpython2.7_2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.9_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libpython2.7:amd64 (2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.9) over (2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.4) ...
Preparing to unpack .../python2.7_2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.9_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python2.7 (2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.9) over (2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.4) ...
Preparing to unpack .../libpython2.7-stdlib_2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.9_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libpython2.7-stdlib:amd64 (2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.9) over (2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.4) ...
Preparing to unpack .../python2.7-minimal_2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.9_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python2.7-minimal (2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.9) over (2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.4) ...
Preparing to unpack .../libpython2.7-minimal_2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.9_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libpython2.7-minimal:amd64 (2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.9) over (2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.4) ...
Preparing to unpack .../libexpat1_2.1.0-7ubuntu0.16.04.5_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libexpat1:amd64 (2.1.0-7ubuntu0.16.04.5) over (2.1.0-7ubuntu0.16.04.3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libexpat1-dev:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../libexpat1-dev_2.1.0-7ubuntu0.16.04.5_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libexpat1-dev:amd64 (2.1.0-7ubuntu0.16.04.5) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libpython2.7-dev:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../libpython2.7-dev_2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.9_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libpython2.7-dev:amd64 (2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.9) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libpython-dev:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../libpython-dev_2.7.12-1~16.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libpython-dev:amd64 (2.7.12-1~16.04) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libpython-all-dev:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../libpython-all-dev_2.7.12-1~16.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libpython-all-dev:amd64 (2.7.12-1~16.04) ...
Selecting previously unselected package python-all.
Preparing to unpack .../python-all_2.7.12-1~16.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python-all (2.7.12-1~16.04) ...
Selecting previously unselected package python2.7-dev.
Preparing to unpack .../python2.7-dev_2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.9_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python2.7-dev (2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.9) ...
Selecting previously unselected package python-dev.
Preparing to unpack .../python-dev_2.7.12-1~16.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python-dev (2.7.12-1~16.04) ...
Selecting previously unselected package python-all-dev.
Preparing to unpack .../python-all-dev_2.7.12-1~16.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python-all-dev (2.7.12-1~16.04) ...
Selecting previously unselected package python-pip-whl.
Preparing to unpack .../python-pip-whl_8.1.1-2ubuntu0.4_all.deb ...
Unpacking python-pip-whl (8.1.1-2ubuntu0.4) ...
Selecting previously unselected package python-pip.
Preparing to unpack .../python-pip_8.1.1-2ubuntu0.4_all.deb ...
Unpacking python-pip (8.1.1-2ubuntu0.4) ...
Selecting previously unselected package python-pkg-resources.
Preparing to unpack .../python-pkg-resources_20.7.0-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking python-pkg-resources (20.7.0-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package python-setuptools.
Preparing to unpack .../python-setuptools_20.7.0-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking python-setuptools (20.7.0-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package python-wheel.
Preparing to unpack .../python-wheel_0.29.0-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking python-wheel (0.29.0-1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu11) ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.13.3-6ubuntu3.1) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.22-1ubuntu5.2) ...
Processing triggers for bamfdaemon (0.5.3~bzr0+16.04.20180209-0ubuntu1) ...
Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.59ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Processing triggers for doc-base (0.10.7) ...
Processing 1 added doc-base file...
Setting up libpython2.7-minimal:amd64 (2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.9) ...
Setting up libexpat1:amd64 (2.1.0-7ubuntu0.16.04.5) ...
Setting up libpython2.7-stdlib:amd64 (2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.9) ...
Setting up libpython2.7:amd64 (2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.9) ...
Setting up python2.7-minimal (2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.9) ...
Setting up python2.7 (2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.9) ...
Setting up libexpat1-dev:amd64 (2.1.0-7ubuntu0.16.04.5) ...
Setting up libpython2.7-dev:amd64 (2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.9) ...
Setting up libpython-dev:amd64 (2.7.12-1~16.04) ...
Setting up libpython-all-dev:amd64 (2.7.12-1~16.04) ...
Setting up python-all (2.7.12-1~16.04) ...
Setting up python2.7-dev (2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.9) ...
Setting up python-dev (2.7.12-1~16.04) ...
Setting up python-all-dev (2.7.12-1~16.04) ...
Setting up python-pip-whl (8.1.1-2ubuntu0.4) ...
Setting up python-pip (8.1.1-2ubuntu0.4) ...
Setting up python-pkg-resources (20.7.0-1) ...
Setting up python-setuptools (20.7.0-1) ...
Setting up python-wheel (0.29.0-1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu11) ...
测试性安装data
# pip install data
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7. More details about Python 2 support in pip, can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support
Collecting data
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ed/e9/623be82fac4250fc614741f5b1ead83d339794f94b19ac8665b6ea12ee05/data-0.4.tar.gz
Collecting six (from data)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/73/fb/00a976f728d0d1fecfe898238ce23f502a721c0ac0ecfedb80e0d88c64e9/six-1.12.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting decorator (from data)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8f/b7/f329cfdc75f3d28d12c65980e4469e2fa373f1953f5df6e370e84ea2e875/decorator-4.4.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting funcsigs (from data)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/69/cb/f5be453359271714c01b9bd06126eaf2e368f1fddfff30818754b5ac2328/funcsigs-1.0.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Building wheels for collected packages: data
Running setup.py bdist_wheel for data ... done
Stored in directory: /home/ivan/.cache/pip/wheels/f6/09/e5/5afbc45fb0de471541092c7cd8b48d3483be68b1890955e6b9
Successfully built data
Installing collected packages: six, decorator, funcsigs, data
Successfully installed data decorator funcsigs six
You are using pip version 8.1.1, however version 19.3.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
(1.4) 更新pip
# pip install --upgrade pip
Collecting pip
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/00/b6/9cfa56b4081ad13874b0c6f96af8ce16cfbc1cb06bedf8e9164ce5551ec1/pip-19.3.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.4MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.4MB 1.1MB/s
Installing collected packages: pip
Successfully installed pip-19.3.1
报错！！！
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/pip", line 9, in <module>
from pip import main
ImportError: cannot import name main
根据帮助修改
# sudo gedit /usr/bin/pip
from pip import main
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.exit(main())
from pip import __main__ //修改
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.exit(__main__._main())//修改
(2) wxpython安装
(2.1) pip安装
# pip install -U -f https://extras.wxpython.org/wxPython4/extras/linux/gtk3/ubuntu-16.04 wxpython
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7. More details about Python 2 support in pip, can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support
Looking in links: https://extras.wxpython.org/wxPython4/extras/linux/gtk3/ubuntu-16.04
Collecting wxpython
Downloading https://extras.wxpython.org/wxPython4/extras/linux/gtk3/ubuntu-16.04/wxPython-4.0.7.post1-cp27-cp27mu-linux_x86_64.whl (102.1MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 102.1MB 255kB/s
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ProtocolError('Connection aborted.', BadStatusLine("''",))': /wxPython4/extras/linux/gtk3/ubuntu-16.04
Collecting pillow
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1b/08/ff620ef5a6128ee6e7a505f5716f81fce7b71f3a69e99646ebe64e0b9984/Pillow-6.2.1-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (2.1MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 2.1MB 369kB/s
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: six in ./.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from wxpython) (1.12.0)
Collecting numpy<1.17; python_version <= "2.7"
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d7/b1/3367ea1f372957f97a6752ec725b87886e12af1415216feec9067e31df70/numpy-1.16.5-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (17.0MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 17.0MB 6.0MB/s
Installing collected packages: pillow, numpy, wxpython
报错！！！
ERROR: Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PIL'
Consider using the `--user` option or check the permissions.
# sudo pip install -U -f https://extras.wxpython.org/wxPython4/extras/linux/gtk3/ubuntu-16.04 wxpython
[sudo] password for ivan:
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7. More details about Python 2 support in pip, can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support
WARNING: The directory '/home/ivan/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
WARNING: The directory '/home/ivan/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
Looking in links: https://extras.wxpython.org/wxPython4/extras/linux/gtk3/ubuntu-16.04
Collecting wxpython
Downloading https://extras.wxpython.org/wxPython4/extras/linux/gtk3/ubuntu-16.04/wxPython-4.0.7.post1-cp27-cp27mu-linux_x86_64.whl (102.1MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 102.1MB 167kB/s
Collecting pillow
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1b/08/ff620ef5a6128ee6e7a505f5716f81fce7b71f3a69e99646ebe64e0b9984/Pillow-6.2.1-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (2.1MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 2.1MB 488kB/s
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: six in ./.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from wxpython) (1.12.0)
Collecting numpy<1.17; python_version <= "2.7"
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d7/b1/3367ea1f372957f97a6752ec725b87886e12af1415216feec9067e31df70/numpy-1.16.5-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (17.0MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 17.0MB 356kB/s
Installing collected packages: pillow, numpy, wxpython
Successfully installed numpy-1.16.5 pillow-6.2.1 wxpython-4.0.7.post1
wxPython-4.0.7.post1-cp27-cp27mu-linux_x86_64.whl链接保存。
(2.2) 简单测试
# cat 040.WxpythonDemo_r1.py
# First things, first. Import the wxPython package.
import wx
# Next, create an application object.
app = wx.App()
# Then a frame.
frm = wx.Frame(None, title="Hello World")
# Show it.
frm.Show()
# Start the event loop.
app.MainLoop()
(2.3) 复杂测试
# cat 040.WxpythonDemo_r2.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""
Hello World, but with more meat.
"""
import wx
class HelloFrame(wx.Frame):
"""
A Frame that says Hello World
"""
def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
# ensure the parent's __init__ is called
super(HelloFrame, self).__init__(*args, **kw)
# create a panel in the frame
pnl = wx.Panel(self)
# put some text with a larger bold font on it
st = wx.StaticText(pnl, label="Hello World!")
font = st.GetFont()
font.PointSize += 10
font = font.Bold()
st.SetFont(font)
# and create a sizer to manage the layout of child widgets
sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
sizer.Add(st, wx.SizerFlags().Border(wx.TOP|wx.LEFT, 25))
pnl.SetSizer(sizer)
# create a menu bar
self.makeMenuBar()
# and a status bar
self.CreateStatusBar()
self.SetStatusText("Welcome to wxPython!")
def makeMenuBar(self):
"""
A menu bar is composed of menus, which are composed of menu items.
This method builds a set of menus and binds handlers to be called
when the menu item is selected.
"""
# Make a file menu with Hello and Exit items
fileMenu = wx.Menu()
# The "\t..." syntax defines an accelerator key that also triggers
# the same event
helloItem = fileMenu.Append(-1, "&Hello...\tCtrl-H",
"Help string shown in status bar for this menu item")
fileMenu.AppendSeparator()
# When using a stock ID we don't need to specify the menu item's
# label
exitItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_EXIT)
# Now a help menu for the about item
helpMenu = wx.Menu()
aboutItem = helpMenu.Append(wx.ID_ABOUT)
# Make the menu bar and add the two menus to it. The '&' defines
# that the next letter is the "mnemonic" for the menu item. On the
# platforms that support it those letters are underlined and can be
# triggered from the keyboard.
menuBar = wx.MenuBar()
menuBar.Append(fileMenu, "&File")
menuBar.Append(helpMenu, "&Help")
# Give the menu bar to the frame
self.SetMenuBar(menuBar)
# Finally, associate a handler function with the EVT_MENU event for
# each of the menu items. That means that when that menu item is
# activated then the associated handler function will be called.
self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnHello, helloItem)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnExit, exitItem)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnAbout, aboutItem)
def OnExit(self, event):
"""Close the frame, terminating the application."""
self.Close(True)
def OnHello(self, event):
"""Say hello to the user."""
wx.MessageBox("Hello again from wxPython")
def OnAbout(self, event):
"""Display an About Dialog"""
wx.MessageBox("This is a wxPython Hello World sample",
"About Hello World 2",
wx.OK|wx.ICON_INFORMATION)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# When this module is run (not imported) then create the app, the
# frame, show it, and start the event loop.
app = wx.App()
frm = HelloFrame(None, title='Hello World 2')
frm.Show()
app.MainLoop()