mod.rs

use crate::{
    compression::{TRANSACTION_COMPRESSOR, TRANSACTION_DECOMPRESSOR},
    keccak256, Address, BlockHashOrNumber, Bytes, TxHash, B256,
};
use alloy_rlp::{
    Decodable, Encodable, Error as RlpError, Header, EMPTY_LIST_CODE, EMPTY_STRING_CODE,
};
use bytes::{Buf, BytesMut};
use derive_more::{AsRef, Deref};
use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
use rayon::prelude::{IntoParallelIterator, ParallelIterator};
use reth_codecs::{add_arbitrary_tests, derive_arbitrary, Compact};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use std::mem;

pub use access_list::{AccessList, AccessListItem};
pub use eip1559::TxEip1559;
pub use eip2930::TxEip2930;
pub use eip4844::TxEip4844;

pub use error::InvalidTransactionError;
pub use legacy::TxLegacy;
pub use meta::TransactionMeta;
#[cfg(feature = "c-kzg")]
pub use pooled::{PooledTransactionsElement, PooledTransactionsElementEcRecovered};
#[cfg(feature = "c-kzg")]
pub use sidecar::{BlobTransaction, BlobTransactionSidecar, BlobTransactionValidationError};
pub use signature::Signature;
pub use tx_type::{
    TxType, EIP1559_TX_TYPE_ID, EIP2930_TX_TYPE_ID, EIP4844_TX_TYPE_ID, LEGACY_TX_TYPE_ID,
};
pub use tx_value::TxValue;
pub use variant::TransactionSignedVariant;

mod access_list;
mod eip1559;
mod eip2930;
mod eip4844;
mod error;
mod legacy;
mod meta;
#[cfg(feature = "c-kzg")]
mod pooled;
#[cfg(feature = "c-kzg")]
mod sidecar;
mod signature;
mod tx_type;
mod tx_value;
pub(crate) mod util;
mod variant;

#[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
mod optimism;
#[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
pub use optimism::TxDeposit;
#[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
pub use tx_type::DEPOSIT_TX_TYPE_ID;

// Expected number of transactions where we can expect a speed-up by recovering the senders in
// parallel.
pub(crate) static PARALLEL_SENDER_RECOVERY_THRESHOLD: Lazy<usize> =
    Lazy::new(|| match rayon::current_num_threads() {
        0..=1 => usize::MAX,
        2..=8 => 10,
        _ => 5,
    });

/// A raw transaction.
///
/// Transaction types were introduced in [EIP-2718](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2718).
#[derive_arbitrary(compact)]
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum Transaction {
    /// Legacy transaction (type `0x0`).
    ///
    /// Traditional Ethereum transactions, containing parameters `nonce`, `gasPrice`, `gasLimit`,
    /// `to`, `value`, `data`, `v`, `r`, and `s`.
    ///
    /// These transactions do not utilize access lists nor do they incorporate EIP-1559 fee market
    /// changes.
    Legacy(TxLegacy),
    /// Transaction with an [`AccessList`] ([EIP-2930](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2930)), type `0x1`.
    ///
    /// The `accessList` specifies an array of addresses and storage keys that the transaction
    /// plans to access, enabling gas savings on cross-contract calls by pre-declaring the accessed
    /// contract and storage slots.
    Eip2930(TxEip2930),
    /// A transaction with a priority fee ([EIP-1559](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1559)), type `0x2`.
    ///
    /// Unlike traditional transactions, EIP-1559 transactions use an in-protocol, dynamically
    /// changing base fee per gas, adjusted at each block to manage network congestion.
    ///
    /// - `maxPriorityFeePerGas`, specifying the maximum fee above the base fee the sender is
    ///   willing to pay
    /// - `maxFeePerGas`, setting the maximum total fee the sender is willing to pay.
    ///
    /// The base fee is burned, while the priority fee is paid to the miner who includes the
    /// transaction, incentivizing miners to include transactions with higher priority fees per
    /// gas.
    Eip1559(TxEip1559),
    /// Shard Blob Transactions ([EIP-4844](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4844)), type `0x3`.
    ///
    /// Shard Blob Transactions introduce a new transaction type called a blob-carrying transaction
    /// to reduce gas costs. These transactions are similar to regular Ethereum transactions but
    /// include additional data called a blob.
    ///
    /// Blobs are larger (~125 kB) and cheaper than the current calldata, providing an immutable
    /// and read-only memory for storing transaction data.
    ///
    /// EIP-4844, also known as proto-danksharding, implements the framework and logic of
    /// danksharding, introducing new transaction formats and verification rules.
    Eip4844(TxEip4844),
    /// Optimism deposit transaction.
    #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
    Deposit(TxDeposit),
}

// === impl Transaction ===

impl Transaction {
    /// Heavy operation that return signature hash over rlp encoded transaction.
    /// It is only for signature signing or signer recovery.
    pub fn signature_hash(&self) -> B256 {
        match self {
            Transaction::Legacy(tx) => tx.signature_hash(),
            Transaction::Eip2930(tx) => tx.signature_hash(),
            Transaction::Eip1559(tx) => tx.signature_hash(),
            Transaction::Eip4844(tx) => tx.signature_hash(),
            #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
            Transaction::Deposit(_) => B256::ZERO,
        }
    }

    /// Get chain_id.
    pub fn chain_id(&self) -> Option<u64> {
        match self {
            Transaction::Legacy(TxLegacy { chain_id, .. }) => *chain_id,
            Transaction::Eip2930(TxEip2930 { chain_id, .. }) |
            Transaction::Eip1559(TxEip1559 { chain_id, .. }) |
            Transaction::Eip4844(TxEip4844 { chain_id, .. }) => Some(*chain_id),
            #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
            Transaction::Deposit(_) => None,
        }
    }

    /// Sets the transaction's chain id to the provided value.
    pub fn set_chain_id(&mut self, chain_id: u64) {
        match self {
            Transaction::Legacy(TxLegacy { chain_id: ref mut c, .. }) => *c = Some(chain_id),
            Transaction::Eip2930(TxEip2930 { chain_id: ref mut c, .. }) |
            Transaction::Eip1559(TxEip1559 { chain_id: ref mut c, .. }) |
            Transaction::Eip4844(TxEip4844 { chain_id: ref mut c, .. }) => *c = chain_id,
            #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
            Transaction::Deposit(_) => { /* noop */ }
        }
    }

    /// Gets the transaction's [`TransactionKind`], which is the address of the recipient or
    /// [`TransactionKind::Create`] if the transaction is a contract creation.
    pub fn kind(&self) -> &TransactionKind {
        match self {
            Transaction::Legacy(TxLegacy { to, .. }) |
            Transaction::Eip2930(TxEip2930 { to, .. }) |
            Transaction::Eip1559(TxEip1559 { to, .. }) |
            Transaction::Eip4844(TxEip4844 { to, .. }) => to,
            #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
            Transaction::Deposit(TxDeposit { to, .. }) => to,
        }
    }

    /// Get the transaction's nonce.
    pub fn to(&self) -> Option<Address> {
        self.kind().to()
    }

    /// Get transaction type
    pub fn tx_type(&self) -> TxType {
        match self {
            Transaction::Legacy(legacy_tx) => legacy_tx.tx_type(),
            Transaction::Eip2930(access_list_tx) => access_list_tx.tx_type(),
            Transaction::Eip1559(dynamic_fee_tx) => dynamic_fee_tx.tx_type(),
            Transaction::Eip4844(blob_tx) => blob_tx.tx_type(),
            #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
            Transaction::Deposit(deposit_tx) => deposit_tx.tx_type(),
        }
    }

    /// Gets the transaction's value field.
    pub fn value(&self) -> TxValue {
        *match self {
            Transaction::Legacy(TxLegacy { value, .. }) |
            Transaction::Eip2930(TxEip2930 { value, .. }) |
            Transaction::Eip1559(TxEip1559 { value, .. }) |
            Transaction::Eip4844(TxEip4844 { value, .. }) => value,
            #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
            Transaction::Deposit(TxDeposit { value, .. }) => value,
        }
    }

    /// Get the transaction's nonce.
    pub fn nonce(&self) -> u64 {
        match self {
            Transaction::Legacy(TxLegacy { nonce, .. }) |
            Transaction::Eip2930(TxEip2930 { nonce, .. }) |
            Transaction::Eip1559(TxEip1559 { nonce, .. }) |
            Transaction::Eip4844(TxEip4844 { nonce, .. }) => *nonce,
            // Deposit transactions do not have nonces.
            #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
            Transaction::Deposit(_) => 0,
        }
    }

    /// Returns the [AccessList] of the transaction.
    ///
    /// Returns `None` for legacy transactions.
    pub fn access_list(&self) -> Option<&AccessList> {
        match self {
            Transaction::Legacy(_) => None,
            Transaction::Eip2930(tx) => Some(&tx.access_list),
            Transaction::Eip1559(tx) => Some(&tx.access_list),
            Transaction::Eip4844(tx) => Some(&tx.access_list),
            #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
            Transaction::Deposit(_) => None,
        }
    }

    /// Get the gas limit of the transaction.
    pub fn gas_limit(&self) -> u64 {
        match self {
            Transaction::Legacy(TxLegacy { gas_limit, .. }) |
            Transaction::Eip2930(TxEip2930 { gas_limit, .. }) |
            Transaction::Eip1559(TxEip1559 { gas_limit, .. }) |
            Transaction::Eip4844(TxEip4844 { gas_limit, .. }) => *gas_limit,
            #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
            Transaction::Deposit(TxDeposit { gas_limit, .. }) => *gas_limit,
        }
    }

    /// Returns true if the tx supports dynamic fees
    pub fn is_dynamic_fee(&self) -> bool {
        match self {
            Transaction::Legacy(_) | Transaction::Eip2930(_) => false,
            Transaction::Eip1559(_) | Transaction::Eip4844(_) => true,
            #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
            Transaction::Deposit(_) => false,
        }
    }

    /// Max fee per gas for eip1559 transaction, for legacy transactions this is gas_price.
    ///
    /// This is also commonly referred to as the "Gas Fee Cap" (`GasFeeCap`).
    pub fn max_fee_per_gas(&self) -> u128 {
        match self {
            Transaction::Legacy(TxLegacy { gas_price, .. }) |
            Transaction::Eip2930(TxEip2930 { gas_price, .. }) => *gas_price,
            Transaction::Eip1559(TxEip1559 { max_fee_per_gas, .. }) |
            Transaction::Eip4844(TxEip4844 { max_fee_per_gas, .. }) => *max_fee_per_gas,
            // Deposit transactions buy their L2 gas on L1 and, as such, the L2 gas is not
            // refundable.
            #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
            Transaction::Deposit(_) => 0,
        }
    }

    /// Max priority fee per gas for eip1559 transaction, for legacy and eip2930 transactions this
    /// is `None`
    ///
    /// This is also commonly referred to as the "Gas Tip Cap" (`GasTipCap`).
    pub fn max_priority_fee_per_gas(&self) -> Option<u128> {
        match self {
            Transaction::Legacy(_) | Transaction::Eip2930(_) => None,
            Transaction::Eip1559(TxEip1559 { max_priority_fee_per_gas, .. }) |
            Transaction::Eip4844(TxEip4844 { max_priority_fee_per_gas, .. }) => {
                Some(*max_priority_fee_per_gas)
            }
            #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
            Transaction::Deposit(_) => None,
        }
    }

    /// Blob versioned hashes for eip4844 transaction, for legacy,eip1559 and eip2930 transactions
    /// this is `None`
    ///
    /// This is also commonly referred to as the "blob versioned hashes" (`BlobVersionedHashes`).
    pub fn blob_versioned_hashes(&self) -> Option<Vec<B256>> {
        match self {
            Transaction::Legacy(_) | Transaction::Eip2930(_) | Transaction::Eip1559(_) => None,
            Transaction::Eip4844(TxEip4844 { blob_versioned_hashes, .. }) => {
                Some(blob_versioned_hashes.to_vec())
            }
            #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
            Transaction::Deposit(_) => None,
        }
    }

    /// Max fee per blob gas for eip4844 transaction [TxEip4844].
    ///
    /// Returns `None` for non-eip4844 transactions.
    ///
    /// This is also commonly referred to as the "Blob Gas Fee Cap" (`BlobGasFeeCap`).
    pub fn max_fee_per_blob_gas(&self) -> Option<u128> {
        match self {
            Transaction::Eip4844(TxEip4844 { max_fee_per_blob_gas, .. }) => {
                Some(*max_fee_per_blob_gas)
            }
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// Returns the blob gas used for all blobs of the EIP-4844 transaction if it is an EIP-4844
    /// transaction.
    ///
    /// This is the number of blobs times the
    /// [DATA_GAS_PER_BLOB](crate::constants::eip4844::DATA_GAS_PER_BLOB) a single blob consumes.
    pub fn blob_gas_used(&self) -> Option<u64> {
        self.as_eip4844().map(TxEip4844::blob_gas)
    }

    /// Return the max priority fee per gas if the transaction is an EIP-1559 transaction, and
    /// otherwise return the gas price.
    ///
    /// # Warning
    ///
    /// This is different than the `max_priority_fee_per_gas` method, which returns `None` for
    /// non-EIP-1559 transactions.
    pub fn priority_fee_or_price(&self) -> u128 {
        match self {
            Transaction::Legacy(TxLegacy { gas_price, .. }) |
            Transaction::Eip2930(TxEip2930 { gas_price, .. }) => *gas_price,
            Transaction::Eip1559(TxEip1559 { max_priority_fee_per_gas, .. }) |
            Transaction::Eip4844(TxEip4844 { max_priority_fee_per_gas, .. }) => {
                *max_priority_fee_per_gas
            }
            #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
            Transaction::Deposit(_) => 0,
        }
    }

    /// Returns the effective gas price for the given base fee.
    ///
    /// If the transaction is a legacy or EIP2930 transaction, the gas price is returned.
    pub fn effective_gas_price(&self, base_fee: Option<u64>) -> u128 {
        match self {
            Transaction::Legacy(tx) => tx.gas_price,
            Transaction::Eip2930(tx) => tx.gas_price,
            Transaction::Eip1559(dynamic_tx) => dynamic_tx.effective_gas_price(base_fee),
            Transaction::Eip4844(dynamic_tx) => dynamic_tx.effective_gas_price(base_fee),
            #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
            Transaction::Deposit(_) => 0,
        }
    }

    /// Returns the effective miner gas tip cap (`gasTipCap`) for the given base fee:
    /// `min(maxFeePerGas - baseFee, maxPriorityFeePerGas)`
    ///
    /// If the base fee is `None`, the `max_priority_fee_per_gas`, or gas price for non-EIP1559
    /// transactions is returned.
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if the basefee is higher than the [Transaction::max_fee_per_gas].
    pub fn effective_tip_per_gas(&self, base_fee: Option<u64>) -> Option<u128> {
        let base_fee = match base_fee {
            Some(base_fee) => base_fee as u128,
            None => return Some(self.priority_fee_or_price()),
        };

        let max_fee_per_gas = self.max_fee_per_gas();

        // Check if max_fee_per_gas is less than base_fee
        if max_fee_per_gas < base_fee {
            return None
        }

        // Calculate the difference between max_fee_per_gas and base_fee
        let fee = max_fee_per_gas - base_fee;

        // Compare the fee with max_priority_fee_per_gas (or gas price for non-EIP1559 transactions)
        if let Some(priority_fee) = self.max_priority_fee_per_gas() {
            Some(fee.min(priority_fee))
        } else {
            Some(fee)
        }
    }

    /// Get the transaction's input field.
    pub fn input(&self) -> &Bytes {
        match self {
            Transaction::Legacy(TxLegacy { input, .. }) |
            Transaction::Eip2930(TxEip2930 { input, .. }) |
            Transaction::Eip1559(TxEip1559 { input, .. }) |
            Transaction::Eip4844(TxEip4844 { input, .. }) => input,
            #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
            Transaction::Deposit(TxDeposit { input, .. }) => input,
        }
    }

    /// Returns the source hash of the transaction, which uniquely identifies its source.
    /// If not a deposit transaction, this will always return `None`.
    #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
    pub fn source_hash(&self) -> Option<B256> {
        match self {
            Transaction::Deposit(TxDeposit { source_hash, .. }) => Some(*source_hash),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// Returns the amount of ETH locked up on L1 that will be minted on L2. If the transaction
    /// is not a deposit transaction, this will always return `None`.
    #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
    pub fn mint(&self) -> Option<u128> {
        match self {
            Transaction::Deposit(TxDeposit { mint, .. }) => *mint,
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// Returns whether or not the transaction is a system transaction. If the transaction
    /// is not a deposit transaction, this will always return `false`.
    #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
    pub fn is_system_transaction(&self) -> bool {
        match self {
            Transaction::Deposit(TxDeposit { is_system_transaction, .. }) => *is_system_transaction,
            _ => false,
        }
    }

    /// Returns whether or not the transaction is an Optimism Deposited transaction.
    #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
    pub fn is_deposit(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, Transaction::Deposit(_))
    }

    /// This encodes the transaction _without_ the signature, and is only suitable for creating a
    /// hash intended for signing.
    pub fn encode_without_signature(&self, out: &mut dyn bytes::BufMut) {
        Encodable::encode(self, out);
    }

    /// Inner encoding function that is used for both rlp [`Encodable`] trait and for calculating
    /// hash that for eip2718 does not require rlp header
    pub fn encode_with_signature(
        &self,
        signature: &Signature,
        out: &mut dyn bytes::BufMut,
        with_header: bool,
    ) {
        match self {
            Transaction::Legacy(legacy_tx) => {
                // do nothing w/ with_header
                legacy_tx.encode_with_signature(signature, out)
            }
            Transaction::Eip2930(access_list_tx) => {
                access_list_tx.encode_with_signature(signature, out, with_header)
            }
            Transaction::Eip1559(dynamic_fee_tx) => {
                dynamic_fee_tx.encode_with_signature(signature, out, with_header)
            }
            Transaction::Eip4844(blob_tx) => {
                blob_tx.encode_with_signature(signature, out, with_header)
            }
            #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
            Transaction::Deposit(deposit_tx) => deposit_tx.encode(out, with_header),
        }
    }

    /// This sets the transaction's nonce.
    pub fn set_nonce(&mut self, nonce: u64) {
        match self {
            Transaction::Legacy(tx) => tx.nonce = nonce,
            Transaction::Eip2930(tx) => tx.nonce = nonce,
            Transaction::Eip1559(tx) => tx.nonce = nonce,
            Transaction::Eip4844(tx) => tx.nonce = nonce,
            #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
            Transaction::Deposit(_) => { /* noop */ }
        }
    }

    /// This sets the transaction's value.
    pub fn set_value(&mut self, value: TxValue) {
        match self {
            Transaction::Legacy(tx) => tx.value = value,
            Transaction::Eip2930(tx) => tx.value = value,
            Transaction::Eip1559(tx) => tx.value = value,
            Transaction::Eip4844(tx) => tx.value = value,
            #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
            Transaction::Deposit(tx) => tx.value = value,
        }
    }

    /// This sets the transaction's input field.
    pub fn set_input(&mut self, input: Bytes) {
        match self {
            Transaction::Legacy(tx) => tx.input = input,
            Transaction::Eip2930(tx) => tx.input = input,
            Transaction::Eip1559(tx) => tx.input = input,
            Transaction::Eip4844(tx) => tx.input = input,
            #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
            Transaction::Deposit(tx) => tx.input = input,
        }
    }

    /// Calculates a heuristic for the in-memory size of the [Transaction].
    #[inline]
    fn size(&self) -> usize {
        match self {
            Transaction::Legacy(tx) => tx.size(),
            Transaction::Eip2930(tx) => tx.size(),
            Transaction::Eip1559(tx) => tx.size(),
            Transaction::Eip4844(tx) => tx.size(),
            #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
            Transaction::Deposit(tx) => tx.size(),
        }
    }

    /// Returns true if the transaction is a legacy transaction.
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_legacy(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, Transaction::Legacy(_))
    }

    /// Returns true if the transaction is an EIP-2930 transaction.
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_eip2930(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, Transaction::Eip2930(_))
    }

    /// Returns true if the transaction is an EIP-1559 transaction.
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_eip1559(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, Transaction::Eip1559(_))
    }

    /// Returns true if the transaction is an EIP-4844 transaction.
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_eip4844(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, Transaction::Eip4844(_))
    }

    /// Returns the [TxLegacy] variant if the transaction is a legacy transaction.
    pub fn as_legacy(&self) -> Option<&TxLegacy> {
        match self {
            Transaction::Legacy(tx) => Some(tx),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// Returns the [TxEip2930] variant if the transaction is an EIP-2930 transaction.
    pub fn as_eip2930(&self) -> Option<&TxEip2930> {
        match self {
            Transaction::Eip2930(tx) => Some(tx),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// Returns the [TxEip1559] variant if the transaction is an EIP-1559 transaction.
    pub fn as_eip1559(&self) -> Option<&TxEip1559> {
        match self {
            Transaction::Eip1559(tx) => Some(tx),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// Returns the [TxEip4844] variant if the transaction is an EIP-4844 transaction.
    pub fn as_eip4844(&self) -> Option<&TxEip4844> {
        match self {
            Transaction::Eip4844(tx) => Some(tx),
            _ => None,
        }
    }
}

impl From<TxLegacy> for Transaction {
    fn from(tx: TxLegacy) -> Self {
        Transaction::Legacy(tx)
    }
}

impl From<TxEip2930> for Transaction {
    fn from(tx: TxEip2930) -> Self {
        Transaction::Eip2930(tx)
    }
}

impl From<TxEip1559> for Transaction {
    fn from(tx: TxEip1559) -> Self {
        Transaction::Eip1559(tx)
    }
}

impl From<TxEip4844> for Transaction {
    fn from(tx: TxEip4844) -> Self {
        Transaction::Eip4844(tx)
    }
}

impl Compact for Transaction {
    // Serializes the TxType to the buffer if necessary, returning 2 bits of the type as an
    // identifier instead of the length.
    fn to_compact<B>(self, buf: &mut B) -> usize
    where
        B: bytes::BufMut + AsMut<[u8]>,
    {
        let identifier = self.tx_type().to_compact(buf);
        match self {
            Transaction::Legacy(tx) => {
                tx.to_compact(buf);
            }
            Transaction::Eip2930(tx) => {
                tx.to_compact(buf);
            }
            Transaction::Eip1559(tx) => {
                tx.to_compact(buf);
            }
            Transaction::Eip4844(tx) => {
                tx.to_compact(buf);
            }
            #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
            Transaction::Deposit(tx) => {
                tx.to_compact(buf);
            }
        }
        identifier
    }

    // For backwards compatibility purposes, only 2 bits of the type are encoded in the identifier
    // parameter. In the case of a 3, the full transaction type is read from the buffer as a
    // single byte.
    fn from_compact(mut buf: &[u8], identifier: usize) -> (Self, &[u8]) {
        match identifier {
            0 => {
                let (tx, buf) = TxLegacy::from_compact(buf, buf.len());
                (Transaction::Legacy(tx), buf)
            }
            1 => {
                let (tx, buf) = TxEip2930::from_compact(buf, buf.len());
                (Transaction::Eip2930(tx), buf)
            }
            2 => {
                let (tx, buf) = TxEip1559::from_compact(buf, buf.len());
                (Transaction::Eip1559(tx), buf)
            }
            3 => {
                // An identifier of 3 indicates that the transaction type did not fit into
                // the backwards compatible 2 bit identifier, their transaction types are
                // larger than 2 bits (eg. 4844 and Deposit Transactions). In this case,
                // we need to read the concrete transaction type from the buffer by
                // reading the full 8 bits (single byte) and match on this transaction type.
                let identifier = buf.get_u8() as usize;
                match identifier {
                    3 => {
                        let (tx, buf) = TxEip4844::from_compact(buf, buf.len());
                        (Transaction::Eip4844(tx), buf)
                    }
                    #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
                    126 => {
                        let (tx, buf) = TxDeposit::from_compact(buf, buf.len());
                        (Transaction::Deposit(tx), buf)
                    }
                    _ => unreachable!("Junk data in database: unknown Transaction variant"),
                }
            }
            _ => unreachable!("Junk data in database: unknown Transaction variant"),
        }
    }
}

impl Default for Transaction {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::Legacy(TxLegacy::default())
    }
}

/// This encodes the transaction _without_ the signature, and is only suitable for creating a hash
/// intended for signing.
impl Encodable for Transaction {
    fn encode(&self, out: &mut dyn bytes::BufMut) {
        match self {
            Transaction::Legacy(legacy_tx) => {
                legacy_tx.encode_for_signing(out);
            }
            Transaction::Eip2930(access_list_tx) => {
                access_list_tx.encode_for_signing(out);
            }
            Transaction::Eip1559(dynamic_fee_tx) => {
                dynamic_fee_tx.encode_for_signing(out);
            }
            Transaction::Eip4844(blob_tx) => {
                blob_tx.encode_for_signing(out);
            }
            #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
            Transaction::Deposit(deposit_tx) => {
                deposit_tx.encode(out, true);
            }
        }
    }

    fn length(&self) -> usize {
        match self {
            Transaction::Legacy(legacy_tx) => legacy_tx.payload_len_for_signature(),
            Transaction::Eip2930(access_list_tx) => access_list_tx.payload_len_for_signature(),
            Transaction::Eip1559(dynamic_fee_tx) => dynamic_fee_tx.payload_len_for_signature(),
            Transaction::Eip4844(blob_tx) => blob_tx.payload_len_for_signature(),
            #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
            Transaction::Deposit(deposit_tx) => deposit_tx.payload_len(),
        }
    }
}

/// Whether or not the transaction is a contract creation.
#[derive_arbitrary(compact, rlp)]
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum TransactionKind {
    /// A transaction that creates a contract.
    #[default]
    Create,
    /// A transaction that calls a contract or transfer.
    Call(Address),
}

impl TransactionKind {
    /// Returns the address of the contract that will be called or will receive the transfer.
    pub fn to(self) -> Option<Address> {
        match self {
            TransactionKind::Create => None,
            TransactionKind::Call(to) => Some(to),
        }
    }

    /// Returns true if the transaction is a contract creation.
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_create(self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, TransactionKind::Create)
    }

    /// Returns true if the transaction is a contract call.
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_call(self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, TransactionKind::Call(_))
    }

    /// Calculates a heuristic for the in-memory size of the [TransactionKind].
    #[inline]
    fn size(self) -> usize {
        mem::size_of::<Self>()
    }
}

impl Compact for TransactionKind {
    fn to_compact<B>(self, buf: &mut B) -> usize
    where
        B: bytes::BufMut + AsMut<[u8]>,
    {
        match self {
            TransactionKind::Create => 0,
            TransactionKind::Call(address) => {
                address.to_compact(buf);
                1
            }
        }
    }

    fn from_compact(buf: &[u8], identifier: usize) -> (Self, &[u8]) {
        match identifier {
            0 => (TransactionKind::Create, buf),
            1 => {
                let (addr, buf) = Address::from_compact(buf, buf.len());
                (TransactionKind::Call(addr), buf)
            }
            _ => unreachable!("Junk data in database: unknown TransactionKind variant"),
        }
    }
}

impl Encodable for TransactionKind {
    fn encode(&self, out: &mut dyn alloy_rlp::BufMut) {
        match self {
            TransactionKind::Call(to) => to.encode(out),
            TransactionKind::Create => out.put_u8(EMPTY_STRING_CODE),
        }
    }
    fn length(&self) -> usize {
        match self {
            TransactionKind::Call(to) => to.length(),
            TransactionKind::Create => 1, // EMPTY_STRING_CODE is a single byte
        }
    }
}

impl Decodable for TransactionKind {
    fn decode(buf: &mut &[u8]) -> alloy_rlp::Result<Self> {
        if let Some(&first) = buf.first() {
            if first == EMPTY_STRING_CODE {
                buf.advance(1);
                Ok(TransactionKind::Create)
            } else {
                let addr = <Address as Decodable>::decode(buf)?;
                Ok(TransactionKind::Call(addr))
            }
        } else {
            Err(RlpError::InputTooShort)
        }
    }
}

/// Signed transaction without its Hash. Used type for inserting into the DB.
///
/// This can by converted to [`TransactionSigned`] by calling [`TransactionSignedNoHash::hash`].
#[derive_arbitrary(compact)]
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, AsRef, Deref, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct TransactionSignedNoHash {
    /// The transaction signature values
    pub signature: Signature,
    /// Raw transaction info
    #[deref]
    #[as_ref]
    pub transaction: Transaction,
}

impl TransactionSignedNoHash {
    /// Calculates the transaction hash. If used more than once, it's better to convert it to
    /// [`TransactionSigned`] first.
    pub fn hash(&self) -> B256 {
        // pre-allocate buffer for the transaction
        let mut buf = Vec::with_capacity(128 + self.transaction.input().len());
        self.transaction.encode_with_signature(&self.signature, &mut buf, false);
        keccak256(&buf)
    }

    /// Recover signer from signature and hash.
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if the transaction's signature is invalid, see also [Self::recover_signer].
    pub fn recover_signer(&self) -> Option<Address> {
        let signature_hash = self.signature_hash();
        self.signature.recover_signer(signature_hash)
    }

    /// Converts into a transaction type with its hash: [`TransactionSigned`].
    pub fn with_hash(self) -> TransactionSigned {
        self.into()
    }

    /// Recovers a list of signers from a transaction list iterator
    ///
    /// Returns `None`, if some transaction's signature is invalid, see also
    /// [Self::recover_signer].
    pub fn recover_signers<'a, T>(txes: T, num_txes: usize) -> Option<Vec<Address>>
    where
        T: IntoParallelIterator<Item = &'a Self> + IntoIterator<Item = &'a Self> + Send,
    {
        if num_txes < *PARALLEL_SENDER_RECOVERY_THRESHOLD {
            txes.into_iter().map(|tx| tx.recover_signer()).collect()
        } else {
            txes.into_par_iter().map(|tx| tx.recover_signer()).collect()
        }
    }
}

impl Compact for TransactionSignedNoHash {
    fn to_compact<B>(self, buf: &mut B) -> usize
    where
        B: bytes::BufMut + AsMut<[u8]>,
    {
        let start = buf.as_mut().len();

        // Placeholder for bitflags.
        // The first byte uses 4 bits as flags: IsCompressed[1bit], TxType[2bits], Signature[1bit]
        buf.put_u8(0);

        let sig_bit = self.signature.to_compact(buf) as u8;
        let zstd_bit = self.transaction.input().len() >= 32;

        let tx_bits = if zstd_bit {
            TRANSACTION_COMPRESSOR.with(|compressor| {
                let mut compressor = compressor.borrow_mut();
                let mut tmp = bytes::BytesMut::with_capacity(200);
                let tx_bits = self.transaction.to_compact(&mut tmp);

                buf.put_slice(&compressor.compress(&tmp).expect("Failed to compress"));
                tx_bits as u8
            })
        } else {
            self.transaction.to_compact(buf) as u8
        };

        // Replace bitflags with the actual values
        buf.as_mut()[start] = sig_bit | (tx_bits << 1) | ((zstd_bit as u8) << 3);

        buf.as_mut().len() - start
    }

    fn from_compact(mut buf: &[u8], _len: usize) -> (Self, &[u8]) {
        // The first byte uses 4 bits as flags: IsCompressed[1], TxType[2], Signature[1]
        let bitflags = buf.get_u8() as usize;

        let sig_bit = bitflags & 1;
        let (signature, buf) = Signature::from_compact(buf, sig_bit);

        let zstd_bit = bitflags >> 3;
        let (transaction, buf) = if zstd_bit != 0 {
            TRANSACTION_DECOMPRESSOR.with(|decompressor| {
                let decompressor = &mut decompressor.borrow_mut();

                // TODO: enforce that zstd is only present at a "top" level type

                let transaction_type = (bitflags & 0b110) >> 1;
                let (transaction, _) =
                    Transaction::from_compact(decompressor.decompress(buf), transaction_type);

                (transaction, buf)
            })
        } else {
            let transaction_type = bitflags >> 1;
            Transaction::from_compact(buf, transaction_type)
        };

        (TransactionSignedNoHash { signature, transaction }, buf)
    }
}

impl From<TransactionSignedNoHash> for TransactionSigned {
    fn from(tx: TransactionSignedNoHash) -> Self {
        TransactionSigned::from_transaction_and_signature(tx.transaction, tx.signature)
    }
}

impl From<TransactionSigned> for TransactionSignedNoHash {
    fn from(tx: TransactionSigned) -> Self {
        TransactionSignedNoHash { signature: tx.signature, transaction: tx.transaction }
    }
}

/// Signed transaction.
#[add_arbitrary_tests(rlp)]
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, AsRef, Deref, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct TransactionSigned {
    /// Transaction hash
    pub hash: TxHash,
    /// The transaction signature values
    pub signature: Signature,
    /// Raw transaction info
    #[deref]
    #[as_ref]
    pub transaction: Transaction,
}

impl AsRef<Self> for TransactionSigned {
    fn as_ref(&self) -> &Self {
        self
    }
}

// === impl TransactionSigned ===

impl TransactionSigned {
    /// Transaction signature.
    pub fn signature(&self) -> &Signature {
        &self.signature
    }

    /// Transaction hash. Used to identify transaction.
    pub fn hash(&self) -> TxHash {
        self.hash
    }

    /// Reference to transaction hash. Used to identify transaction.
    pub fn hash_ref(&self) -> &TxHash {
        &self.hash
    }

    /// Recover signer from signature and hash.
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if the transaction's signature is invalid, see also [Self::recover_signer].
    pub fn recover_signer(&self) -> Option<Address> {
        // Optimism's Deposit transaction does not have a signature. Directly return the
        // `from` address.
        #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
        if let Transaction::Deposit(TxDeposit { from, .. }) = self.transaction {
            return Some(from)
        }
        let signature_hash = self.signature_hash();
        self.signature.recover_signer(signature_hash)
    }

    /// Recover signer from signature and hash _without ensuring that the signature has a low `s`
    /// value_.
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if the transaction's signature is invalid, see also
    /// [Self::recover_signer_unchecked].
    pub fn recover_signer_unchecked(&self) -> Option<Address> {
        // Optimism's Deposit transaction does not have a signature. Directly return the
        // `from` address.
        #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
        if let Transaction::Deposit(TxDeposit { from, .. }) = self.transaction {
            return Some(from)
        }
        let signature_hash = self.signature_hash();
        self.signature.recover_signer_unchecked(signature_hash)
    }

    /// Recovers a list of signers from a transaction list iterator
    ///
    /// Returns `None`, if some transaction's signature is invalid, see also
    /// [Self::recover_signer].
    pub fn recover_signers<'a, T>(txes: T, num_txes: usize) -> Option<Vec<Address>>
    where
        T: IntoParallelIterator<Item = &'a Self> + IntoIterator<Item = &'a Self> + Send,
    {
        if num_txes < *PARALLEL_SENDER_RECOVERY_THRESHOLD {
            txes.into_iter().map(|tx| tx.recover_signer()).collect()
        } else {
            txes.into_par_iter().map(|tx| tx.recover_signer()).collect()
        }
    }

    /// Returns the [TransactionSignedEcRecovered] transaction with the given sender.
    #[inline]
    pub const fn with_signer(self, signer: Address) -> TransactionSignedEcRecovered {
        TransactionSignedEcRecovered::from_signed_transaction(self, signer)
    }

    /// Consumes the type, recover signer and return [`TransactionSignedEcRecovered`]
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if the transaction's signature is invalid, see also [Self::recover_signer].
    pub fn into_ecrecovered(self) -> Option<TransactionSignedEcRecovered> {
        let signer = self.recover_signer()?;
        Some(TransactionSignedEcRecovered { signed_transaction: self, signer })
    }

    /// Consumes the type, recover signer and return [`TransactionSignedEcRecovered`] _without
    /// ensuring that the signature has a low `s` value_ (EIP-2).
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if the transaction's signature is invalid, see also
    /// [Self::recover_signer_unchecked].
    pub fn into_ecrecovered_unchecked(self) -> Option<TransactionSignedEcRecovered> {
        let signer = self.recover_signer_unchecked()?;
        Some(TransactionSignedEcRecovered { signed_transaction: self, signer })
    }

    /// Tries to recover signer and return [`TransactionSignedEcRecovered`] by cloning the type.
    pub fn try_ecrecovered(&self) -> Option<TransactionSignedEcRecovered> {
        let signer = self.recover_signer()?;
        Some(TransactionSignedEcRecovered { signed_transaction: self.clone(), signer })
    }

    /// Tries to recover signer and return [`TransactionSignedEcRecovered`].
    ///
    /// Returns `Err(Self)` if the transaction's signature is invalid, see also
    /// [Self::recover_signer].
    pub fn try_into_ecrecovered(self) -> Result<TransactionSignedEcRecovered, Self> {
        match self.recover_signer() {
            None => Err(self),
            Some(signer) => Ok(TransactionSignedEcRecovered { signed_transaction: self, signer }),
        }
    }

    /// Tries to recover signer and return [`TransactionSignedEcRecovered`]. _without ensuring that
    /// the signature has a low `s` value_ (EIP-2).
    ///
    /// Returns `Err(Self)` if the transaction's signature is invalid, see also
    /// [Self::recover_signer_unchecked].
    pub fn try_into_ecrecovered_unchecked(self) -> Result<TransactionSignedEcRecovered, Self> {
        match self.recover_signer_unchecked() {
            None => Err(self),
            Some(signer) => Ok(TransactionSignedEcRecovered { signed_transaction: self, signer }),
        }
    }

    /// Returns the enveloped encoded transactions.
    ///
    /// See also [TransactionSigned::encode_enveloped]
    pub fn envelope_encoded(&self) -> Bytes {
        let mut buf = BytesMut::new();
        self.encode_enveloped(&mut buf);
        buf.freeze().into()
    }

    /// Encodes the transaction into the "raw" format (e.g. `eth_sendRawTransaction`).
    /// This format is also referred to as "binary" encoding.
    ///
    /// For legacy transactions, it encodes the RLP of the transaction into the buffer: `rlp(tx)`
    /// For EIP-2718 typed it encodes the type of the transaction followed by the rlp of the
    /// transaction: `type || rlp(tx)`
    pub fn encode_enveloped(&self, out: &mut dyn bytes::BufMut) {
        self.encode_inner(out, false)
    }

    /// Inner encoding function that is used for both rlp [`Encodable`] trait and for calculating
    /// hash that for eip2718 does not require rlp header
    pub(crate) fn encode_inner(&self, out: &mut dyn bytes::BufMut, with_header: bool) {
        self.transaction.encode_with_signature(&self.signature, out, with_header);
    }

    /// Output the length of the encode_inner(out, true). Note to assume that `with_header` is only
    /// `true`.
    pub(crate) fn payload_len_inner(&self) -> usize {
        match &self.transaction {
            Transaction::Legacy(legacy_tx) => legacy_tx.payload_len_with_signature(&self.signature),
            Transaction::Eip2930(access_list_tx) => {
                access_list_tx.payload_len_with_signature(&self.signature)
            }
            Transaction::Eip1559(dynamic_fee_tx) => {
                dynamic_fee_tx.payload_len_with_signature(&self.signature)
            }
            Transaction::Eip4844(blob_tx) => blob_tx.payload_len_with_signature(&self.signature),
            #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
            Transaction::Deposit(deposit_tx) => deposit_tx.payload_len(),
        }
    }

    /// Calculate transaction hash, eip2728 transaction does not contain rlp header and start with
    /// tx type.
    pub fn recalculate_hash(&self) -> B256 {
        let mut buf = Vec::new();
        self.encode_inner(&mut buf, false);
        keccak256(&buf)
    }

    /// Create a new signed transaction from a transaction and its signature.
    /// This will also calculate the transaction hash using its encoding.
    pub fn from_transaction_and_signature(transaction: Transaction, signature: Signature) -> Self {
        let mut initial_tx = Self { transaction, hash: Default::default(), signature };
        initial_tx.hash = initial_tx.recalculate_hash();
        initial_tx
    }

    /// Calculate a heuristic for the in-memory size of the [TransactionSigned].
    #[inline]
    pub fn size(&self) -> usize {
        mem::size_of::<TxHash>() + self.transaction.size() + self.signature.size()
    }

    /// Decodes legacy transaction from the data buffer into a tuple.
    ///
    /// This expects `rlp(legacy_tx)`
    ///
    /// Refer to the docs for [Self::decode_rlp_legacy_transaction] for details on the exact
    /// format expected.
    pub(crate) fn decode_rlp_legacy_transaction_tuple(
        data: &mut &[u8],
    ) -> alloy_rlp::Result<(TxLegacy, TxHash, Signature)> {
        // keep this around, so we can use it to calculate the hash
        let original_encoding = *data;

        let header = Header::decode(data)?;
        let remaining_len = data.len();

        let transaction_payload_len = header.payload_length;

        if transaction_payload_len > remaining_len {
            return Err(RlpError::InputTooShort)
        }

        let mut transaction = TxLegacy {
            nonce: Decodable::decode(data)?,
            gas_price: Decodable::decode(data)?,
            gas_limit: Decodable::decode(data)?,
            to: Decodable::decode(data)?,
            value: Decodable::decode(data)?,
            input: Decodable::decode(data)?,
            chain_id: None,
        };
        let (signature, extracted_id) = Signature::decode_with_eip155_chain_id(data)?;
        transaction.chain_id = extracted_id;

        // check the new length, compared to the original length and the header length
        let decoded = remaining_len - data.len();
        if decoded != transaction_payload_len {
            return Err(RlpError::UnexpectedLength)
        }

        let tx_length = header.payload_length + header.length();
        let hash = keccak256(&original_encoding[..tx_length]);
        Ok((transaction, hash, signature))
    }

    /// Decodes legacy transaction from the data buffer.
    ///
    /// This should be used _only_ be used in general transaction decoding methods, which have
    /// already ensured that the input is a legacy transaction with the following format:
    /// `rlp(legacy_tx)`
    ///
    /// Legacy transactions are encoded as lists, so the input should start with a RLP list header.
    ///
    /// This expects `rlp(legacy_tx)`
    // TODO: make buf advancement semantics consistent with `decode_enveloped_typed_transaction`,
    // so decoding methods do not need to manually advance the buffer
    pub fn decode_rlp_legacy_transaction(data: &mut &[u8]) -> alloy_rlp::Result<TransactionSigned> {
        let (transaction, hash, signature) =
            TransactionSigned::decode_rlp_legacy_transaction_tuple(data)?;
        let signed =
            TransactionSigned { transaction: Transaction::Legacy(transaction), hash, signature };
        Ok(signed)
    }

    /// Decodes en enveloped EIP-2718 typed transaction.
    ///
    /// This should be used _only_ be used internally in general transaction decoding methods,
    /// which have already ensured that the input is a typed transaction with the following format:
    /// `tx_type || rlp(tx)`
    ///
    /// Note that this format does not start with any RLP header, and instead starts with a single
    /// byte indicating the transaction type.
    ///
    /// CAUTION: this expects that `data` is `tx_type || rlp(tx)`
    pub fn decode_enveloped_typed_transaction(
        data: &mut &[u8],
    ) -> alloy_rlp::Result<TransactionSigned> {
        // keep this around so we can use it to calculate the hash
        let original_encoding = *data;

        let tx_type = *data.first().ok_or(RlpError::InputTooShort)?;
        data.advance(1);

        // decode the list header for the rest of the transaction
        let header = Header::decode(data)?;
        if !header.list {
            return Err(RlpError::Custom("typed tx fields must be encoded as a list"))
        }

        let remaining_len = data.len();

        // length of tx encoding = tx type byte (size = 1) + length of header + payload length
        let tx_length = 1 + header.length() + header.payload_length;

        // decode common fields
        let transaction = match tx_type {
            1 => Transaction::Eip2930(TxEip2930::decode_inner(data)?),
            2 => Transaction::Eip1559(TxEip1559::decode_inner(data)?),
            3 => Transaction::Eip4844(TxEip4844::decode_inner(data)?),
            #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
            0x7E => Transaction::Deposit(TxDeposit::decode_inner(data)?),
            _ => return Err(RlpError::Custom("unsupported typed transaction type")),
        };

        #[cfg(not(feature = "optimism"))]
        let signature = Signature::decode(data)?;

        #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
        let signature = if tx_type == DEPOSIT_TX_TYPE_ID {
            Signature::optimism_deposit_tx_signature()
        } else {
            Signature::decode(data)?
        };

        let bytes_consumed = remaining_len - data.len();
        if bytes_consumed != header.payload_length {
            return Err(RlpError::UnexpectedLength)
        }

        let hash = keccak256(&original_encoding[..tx_length]);
        let signed = TransactionSigned { transaction, hash, signature };
        Ok(signed)
    }

    /// Decodes the "raw" format of transaction (similar to `eth_sendRawTransaction`).
    ///
    /// This should be used for any RPC method that accepts a raw transaction, **excluding** raw
    /// EIP-4844 transactions in `eth_sendRawTransaction`. Currently, this includes:
    /// * `eth_sendRawTransaction` for non-EIP-4844 transactions.
    /// * All versions of `engine_newPayload`, in the `transactions` field.
    ///
    /// A raw transaction is either a legacy transaction or EIP-2718 typed transaction.
    ///
    /// For legacy transactions, the format is encoded as: `rlp(tx)`. This format will start with a
    /// RLP list header.
    ///
    /// For EIP-2718 typed transactions, the format is encoded as the type of the transaction
    /// followed by the rlp of the transaction: `type || rlp(tx)`.
    ///
    /// To decode EIP-4844 transactions in `eth_sendRawTransaction`, use
    /// [PooledTransactionsElement::decode_enveloped].
    pub fn decode_enveloped(data: &mut &[u8]) -> alloy_rlp::Result<Self> {
        if data.is_empty() {
            return Err(RlpError::InputTooShort)
        }

        // Check if the tx is a list
        if data[0] >= EMPTY_LIST_CODE {
            // decode as legacy transaction
            TransactionSigned::decode_rlp_legacy_transaction(data)
        } else {
            TransactionSigned::decode_enveloped_typed_transaction(data)
        }
    }

    /// Returns the length without an RLP header - this is used for eth/68 sizes.
    pub fn length_without_header(&self) -> usize {
        // method computes the payload len without a RLP header
        match &self.transaction {
            Transaction::Legacy(legacy_tx) => legacy_tx.payload_len_with_signature(&self.signature),
            Transaction::Eip2930(access_list_tx) => {
                access_list_tx.payload_len_with_signature_without_header(&self.signature)
            }
            Transaction::Eip1559(dynamic_fee_tx) => {
                dynamic_fee_tx.payload_len_with_signature_without_header(&self.signature)
            }
            Transaction::Eip4844(blob_tx) => {
                blob_tx.payload_len_with_signature_without_header(&self.signature)
            }
            #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
            Transaction::Deposit(deposit_tx) => deposit_tx.payload_len_without_header(),
        }
    }
}

impl From<TransactionSignedEcRecovered> for TransactionSigned {
    fn from(recovered: TransactionSignedEcRecovered) -> Self {
        recovered.signed_transaction
    }
}

impl Encodable for TransactionSigned {
    fn encode(&self, out: &mut dyn bytes::BufMut) {
        self.encode_inner(out, true);
    }

    fn length(&self) -> usize {
        self.payload_len_inner()
    }
}

/// This `Decodable` implementation only supports decoding rlp encoded transactions as it's used by
/// p2p.
///
/// The p2p encoding format always includes an RLP header, although the type RLP header depends on
/// whether or not the transaction is a legacy transaction.
///
/// If the transaction is a legacy transaction, it is just encoded as a RLP list: `rlp(tx)`.
///
/// If the transaction is a typed transaction, it is encoded as a RLP string:
/// `rlp(type || rlp(tx))`
///
/// This cannot be used for decoding EIP-4844 transactions in p2p, since the EIP-4844 variant of
/// [TransactionSigned] does not include the blob sidecar. For a general purpose decoding method
/// suitable for decoding transactions from p2p, see [PooledTransactionsElement].
///
/// CAUTION: Due to a quirk in [Header::decode], this method will succeed even if a typed
/// transaction is encoded in the RPC format, and does not start with a RLP header. This is because
/// [Header::decode] does not advance the buffer, and returns a length-1 string header if the first
/// byte is less than `0xf7`. This causes this decode implementation to pass unaltered buffer to
/// [TransactionSigned::decode_enveloped_typed_transaction], which expects the RPC format. Despite
/// this quirk, this should **not** be used for RPC methods that accept raw transactions.
impl Decodable for TransactionSigned {
    fn decode(buf: &mut &[u8]) -> alloy_rlp::Result<Self> {
        // decode header
        let mut original_encoding = *buf;
        let header = Header::decode(buf)?;

        let remaining_len = buf.len();

        // if the transaction is encoded as a string then it is a typed transaction
        if !header.list {
            let tx = TransactionSigned::decode_enveloped_typed_transaction(buf)?;

            let bytes_consumed = remaining_len - buf.len();
            // because Header::decode works for single bytes (including the tx type), returning a
            // string Header with payload_length of 1, we need to make sure this check is only
            // performed for transactions with a string header
            if bytes_consumed != header.payload_length && original_encoding[0] > EMPTY_STRING_CODE {
                return Err(RlpError::UnexpectedLength)
            }

            Ok(tx)
        } else {
            let tx = TransactionSigned::decode_rlp_legacy_transaction(&mut original_encoding)?;

            // advance the buffer based on how far `decode_rlp_legacy_transaction` advanced the
            // buffer
            *buf = original_encoding;
            Ok(tx)
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(any(test, feature = "arbitrary"))]
impl proptest::arbitrary::Arbitrary for TransactionSigned {
    type Parameters = ();
    fn arbitrary_with(_: Self::Parameters) -> Self::Strategy {
        use proptest::prelude::{any, Strategy};

        any::<(Transaction, Signature)>()
            .prop_map(move |(mut transaction, sig)| {
                if let Some(chain_id) = transaction.chain_id() {
                    // Otherwise we might overflow when calculating `v` on `recalculate_hash`
                    transaction.set_chain_id(chain_id % (u64::MAX / 2 - 36));
                }

                #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
                let sig = transaction
                    .is_deposit()
                    .then(Signature::optimism_deposit_tx_signature)
                    .unwrap_or(sig);

                let mut tx =
                    TransactionSigned { hash: Default::default(), signature: sig, transaction };
                tx.hash = tx.recalculate_hash();
                tx
            })
            .boxed()
    }

    type Strategy = proptest::strategy::BoxedStrategy<TransactionSigned>;
}

#[cfg(any(test, feature = "arbitrary"))]
impl<'a> arbitrary::Arbitrary<'a> for TransactionSigned {
    fn arbitrary(u: &mut arbitrary::Unstructured<'a>) -> arbitrary::Result<Self> {
        let mut transaction = Transaction::arbitrary(u)?;
        if let Some(chain_id) = transaction.chain_id() {
            // Otherwise we might overflow when calculating `v` on `recalculate_hash`
            transaction.set_chain_id(chain_id % (u64::MAX / 2 - 36));
        }

        let signature = Signature::arbitrary(u)?;

        #[cfg(feature = "optimism")]
        let signature = if transaction.is_deposit() {
            Signature { r: crate::U256::ZERO, s: crate::U256::ZERO, odd_y_parity: false }
        } else {
            signature
        };

        Ok(TransactionSigned::from_transaction_and_signature(transaction, signature))
    }
}

/// Signed transaction with recovered signer.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Hash, Eq, AsRef, Deref, Default)]
pub struct TransactionSignedEcRecovered {
    /// Signer of the transaction
    signer: Address,
    /// Signed transaction
    #[deref]
    #[as_ref]
    signed_transaction: TransactionSigned,
}

// === impl TransactionSignedEcRecovered ===

impl TransactionSignedEcRecovered {
    /// Signer of transaction recovered from signature
    pub fn signer(&self) -> Address {
        self.signer
    }

    /// Transform back to [`TransactionSigned`]
    pub fn into_signed(self) -> TransactionSigned {
        self.signed_transaction
    }

    /// Desolve Self to its component
    pub fn to_components(self) -> (TransactionSigned, Address) {
        (self.signed_transaction, self.signer)
    }

    /// Create [`TransactionSignedEcRecovered`] from [`TransactionSigned`] and [`Address`] of the
    /// signer.
    #[inline]
    pub const fn from_signed_transaction(
        signed_transaction: TransactionSigned,
        signer: Address,
    ) -> Self {
        Self { signed_transaction, signer }
    }
}

impl Encodable for TransactionSignedEcRecovered {
    fn encode(&self, out: &mut dyn bytes::BufMut) {
        self.signed_transaction.encode(out)
    }

    fn length(&self) -> usize {
        self.signed_transaction.length()
    }
}

impl Decodable for TransactionSignedEcRecovered {
    fn decode(buf: &mut &[u8]) -> alloy_rlp::Result<Self> {
        let signed_transaction = TransactionSigned::decode(buf)?;
        let signer = signed_transaction
            .recover_signer()
            .ok_or(RlpError::Custom("Unable to recover decoded transaction signer."))?;
        Ok(TransactionSignedEcRecovered { signer, signed_transaction })
    }
}

/// A transaction type that can be created from a [`TransactionSignedEcRecovered`] transaction.
///
/// This is a conversion trait that'll ensure transactions received via P2P can be converted to the
/// transaction type that the transaction pool uses.
pub trait FromRecoveredTransaction {
    /// Converts to this type from the given [`TransactionSignedEcRecovered`].
    fn from_recovered_transaction(tx: TransactionSignedEcRecovered) -> Self;
}

// Noop conversion
impl FromRecoveredTransaction for TransactionSignedEcRecovered {
    #[inline]
    fn from_recovered_transaction(tx: TransactionSignedEcRecovered) -> Self {
        tx
    }
}

/// A transaction type that can be created from a [`PooledTransactionsElementEcRecovered`]
/// transaction.
///
/// This is a conversion trait that'll ensure transactions received via P2P can be converted to the
/// transaction type that the transaction pool uses.
#[cfg(feature = "c-kzg")]
pub trait FromRecoveredPooledTransaction {
    /// Converts to this type from the given [`PooledTransactionsElementEcRecovered`].
    fn from_recovered_pooled_transaction(tx: PooledTransactionsElementEcRecovered) -> Self;
}

/// The inverse of [`FromRecoveredTransaction`] that ensure the transaction can be sent over the
/// network
pub trait IntoRecoveredTransaction {
    /// Converts to this type into a [`TransactionSignedEcRecovered`].
    ///
    /// Note: this takes `&self` since indented usage is via `Arc<Self>`.
    fn to_recovered_transaction(&self) -> TransactionSignedEcRecovered;
}

impl IntoRecoveredTransaction for TransactionSignedEcRecovered {
    #[inline]
    fn to_recovered_transaction(&self) -> TransactionSignedEcRecovered {
        self.clone()
    }
}

/// Either a transaction hash or number.
pub type TxHashOrNumber = BlockHashOrNumber;

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::{
        hex, sign_message,
        transaction::{
            signature::Signature, TransactionKind, TxEip1559, TxLegacy,
            PARALLEL_SENDER_RECOVERY_THRESHOLD,
        },
        Address, Bytes, Transaction, TransactionSigned, TransactionSignedEcRecovered, B256, U256,
    };
    use alloy_primitives::{b256, bytes};
    use alloy_rlp::{Decodable, Encodable, Error as RlpError};
    use bytes::BytesMut;
    use secp256k1::{KeyPair, Secp256k1};
    use std::str::FromStr;

    #[test]
    fn test_decode_empty_typed_tx() {
        let input = [0x80u8];
        let res = TransactionSigned::decode(&mut &input[..]).unwrap_err();
        assert_eq!(RlpError::InputTooShort, res);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_decode_create_goerli() {
        // test that an example create tx from goerli decodes properly
        let tx_bytes = hex!("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");

        let decoded = TransactionSigned::decode(&mut &tx_bytes[..]).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(tx_bytes.len(), decoded.length());

        let mut encoded = BytesMut::new();
        decoded.encode(&mut encoded);

        assert_eq!(tx_bytes, encoded[..]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_decode_recover_mainnet_tx() {
        // random mainnet tx <https://etherscan.io/tx/0x86718885c4b4218c6af87d3d0b0d83e3cc465df2a05c048aa4db9f1a6f9de91f>
        let tx_bytes = hex!("02f872018307910d808507204d2cb1827d0094388c818ca8b9251b393131c08a736a67ccb19297880320d04823e2701c80c001a0cf024f4815304df2867a1a74e9d2707b6abda0337d2d54a4438d453f4160f190a07ac0e6b3bc9395b5b9c8b9e6d77204a236577a5b18467b9175c01de4faa208d9");

        let decoded = TransactionSigned::decode_enveloped(&mut &tx_bytes[..]).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            decoded.recover_signer(),
            Some(Address::from_str("0x95222290DD7278Aa3Ddd389Cc1E1d165CC4BAfe5").unwrap())
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn decode_transaction_consumes_buffer() {
        let bytes = &mut &hex!("b87502f872041a8459682f008459682f0d8252089461815774383099e24810ab832a5b2a5425c154d58829a2241af62c000080c001a059e6b67f48fb32e7e570dfb11e042b5ad2e55e3ce3ce9cd989c7e06e07feeafda0016b83f4f980694ed2eee4d10667242b1f40dc406901b34125b008d334d47469")[..];
        let _transaction_res = TransactionSigned::decode(bytes).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            bytes.len(),
            0,
            "did not consume all bytes in the buffer, {:?} remaining",
            bytes.len()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn decode_multiple_network_txs() {
        let bytes = hex!("f86b02843b9aca00830186a094d3e8763675e4c425df46cc3b5c0f6cbdac39604687038d7ea4c68000802ba00eb96ca19e8a77102767a41fc85a36afd5c61ccb09911cec5d3e86e193d9c5aea03a456401896b1b6055311536bf00a718568c744d8c1f9df59879e8350220ca18");
        let transaction = Transaction::Legacy(TxLegacy {
            chain_id: Some(4u64),
            nonce: 2,
            gas_price: 1000000000,
            gas_limit: 100000,
            to: TransactionKind::Call(
                Address::from_str("d3e8763675e4c425df46cc3b5c0f6cbdac396046").unwrap(),
            ),
            value: 1000000000000000_u64.into(),
            input: Bytes::default(),
        });
        let signature = Signature {
            odd_y_parity: false,
            r: U256::from_str("0xeb96ca19e8a77102767a41fc85a36afd5c61ccb09911cec5d3e86e193d9c5ae")
                .unwrap(),
            s: U256::from_str("0x3a456401896b1b6055311536bf00a718568c744d8c1f9df59879e8350220ca18")
                .unwrap(),
        };
        let hash = b256!("a517b206d2223278f860ea017d3626cacad4f52ff51030dc9a96b432f17f8d34");
        test_decode_and_encode(&bytes, transaction, signature, Some(hash));

        let bytes = hex!("f86b01843b9aca00830186a094d3e8763675e4c425df46cc3b5c0f6cbdac3960468702769bb01b2a00802ba0e24d8bd32ad906d6f8b8d7741e08d1959df021698b19ee232feba15361587d0aa05406ad177223213df262cb66ccbb2f46bfdccfdfbbb5ffdda9e2c02d977631da");
        let transaction = Transaction::Legacy(TxLegacy {
            chain_id: Some(4),
            nonce: 1u64,
            gas_price: 1000000000,
            gas_limit: 100000u64,
            to: TransactionKind::Call(Address::from_slice(
                &hex!("d3e8763675e4c425df46cc3b5c0f6cbdac396046")[..],
            )),
            value: 693361000000000_u64.into(),
            input: Default::default(),
        });
        let signature = Signature {
            odd_y_parity: false,
            r: U256::from_str("0xe24d8bd32ad906d6f8b8d7741e08d1959df021698b19ee232feba15361587d0a")
                .unwrap(),
            s: U256::from_str("0x5406ad177223213df262cb66ccbb2f46bfdccfdfbbb5ffdda9e2c02d977631da")
                .unwrap(),
        };
        test_decode_and_encode(&bytes, transaction, signature, None);

        let bytes = hex!("f86b0384773594008398968094d3e8763675e4c425df46cc3b5c0f6cbdac39604687038d7ea4c68000802ba0ce6834447c0a4193c40382e6c57ae33b241379c5418caac9cdc18d786fd12071a03ca3ae86580e94550d7c071e3a02eadb5a77830947c9225165cf9100901bee88");
        let transaction = Transaction::Legacy(TxLegacy {
            chain_id: Some(4),
            nonce: 3,
            gas_price: 2000000000,
            gas_limit: 10000000,
            to: TransactionKind::Call(Address::from_slice(
                &hex!("d3e8763675e4c425df46cc3b5c0f6cbdac396046")[..],
            )),
            value: 1000000000000000_u64.into(),
            input: Bytes::default(),
        });
        let signature = Signature {
            odd_y_parity: false,
            r: U256::from_str("0xce6834447c0a4193c40382e6c57ae33b241379c5418caac9cdc18d786fd12071")
                .unwrap(),
            s: U256::from_str("0x3ca3ae86580e94550d7c071e3a02eadb5a77830947c9225165cf9100901bee88")
                .unwrap(),
        };
        test_decode_and_encode(&bytes, transaction, signature, None);

        let bytes = hex!("b87502f872041a8459682f008459682f0d8252089461815774383099e24810ab832a5b2a5425c154d58829a2241af62c000080c001a059e6b67f48fb32e7e570dfb11e042b5ad2e55e3ce3ce9cd989c7e06e07feeafda0016b83f4f980694ed2eee4d10667242b1f40dc406901b34125b008d334d47469");
        let transaction = Transaction::Eip1559(TxEip1559 {
            chain_id: 4,
            nonce: 26,
            max_priority_fee_per_gas: 1500000000,
            max_fee_per_gas: 1500000013,
            gas_limit: 21000,
            to: TransactionKind::Call(Address::from_slice(
                &hex!("61815774383099e24810ab832a5b2a5425c154d5")[..],
            )),
            value: 3000000000000000000_u64.into(),
            input: Default::default(),
            access_list: Default::default(),
        });
        let signature = Signature {
            odd_y_parity: true,
            r: U256::from_str("0x59e6b67f48fb32e7e570dfb11e042b5ad2e55e3ce3ce9cd989c7e06e07feeafd")
                .unwrap(),
            s: U256::from_str("0x016b83f4f980694ed2eee4d10667242b1f40dc406901b34125b008d334d47469")
                .unwrap(),
        };
        test_decode_and_encode(&bytes, transaction, signature, None);

        let bytes = hex!("f8650f84832156008287fb94cf7f9e66af820a19257a2108375b180b0ec491678204d2802ca035b7bfeb9ad9ece2cbafaaf8e202e706b4cfaeb233f46198f00b44d4a566a981a0612638fb29427ca33b9a3be2a0a561beecfe0269655be160d35e72d366a6a860");
        let transaction = Transaction::Legacy(TxLegacy {
            chain_id: Some(4),
            nonce: 15,
            gas_price: 2200000000,
            gas_limit: 34811,
            to: TransactionKind::Call(Address::from_slice(
                &hex!("cf7f9e66af820a19257a2108375b180b0ec49167")[..],
            )),
            value: 1234_u64.into(),
            input: Bytes::default(),
        });
        let signature = Signature {
            odd_y_parity: true,
            r: U256::from_str("0x35b7bfeb9ad9ece2cbafaaf8e202e706b4cfaeb233f46198f00b44d4a566a981")
                .unwrap(),
            s: U256::from_str("0x612638fb29427ca33b9a3be2a0a561beecfe0269655be160d35e72d366a6a860")
                .unwrap(),
        };
        test_decode_and_encode(&bytes, transaction, signature, None);
    }

    fn test_decode_and_encode(
        bytes: &[u8],
        transaction: Transaction,
        signature: Signature,
        hash: Option<B256>,
    ) {
        let expected = TransactionSigned::from_transaction_and_signature(transaction, signature);
        if let Some(hash) = hash {
            assert_eq!(hash, expected.hash);
        }
        assert_eq!(bytes.len(), expected.length());

        let decoded = TransactionSigned::decode(&mut &bytes[..]).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(expected, decoded);

        let mut encoded = BytesMut::new();
        expected.encode(&mut encoded);
        assert_eq!(bytes, encoded);
    }

    #[test]
    fn decode_raw_tx_and_recover_signer() {
        use crate::hex_literal::hex;
        // transaction is from ropsten

        let hash: B256 =
            hex!("559fb34c4a7f115db26cbf8505389475caaab3df45f5c7a0faa4abfa3835306c").into();
        let signer: Address = hex!("641c5d790f862a58ec7abcfd644c0442e9c201b3").into();
        let raw =hex!("f88b8212b085028fa6ae00830f424094aad593da0c8116ef7d2d594dd6a63241bccfc26c80a48318b64b000000000000000000000000641c5d790f862a58ec7abcfd644c0442e9c201b32aa0a6ef9e170bca5ffb7ac05433b13b7043de667fbb0b4a5e45d3b54fb2d6efcc63a0037ec2c05c3d60c5f5f78244ce0a3859e3a18a36c61efb061b383507d3ce19d2");

        let mut pointer = raw.as_ref();
        let tx = TransactionSigned::decode(&mut pointer).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(tx.hash(), hash, "Expected same hash");
        assert_eq!(tx.recover_signer(), Some(signer), "Recovering signer should pass.");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_envelop_encode() {
        // random tx: <https://etherscan.io/getRawTx?tx=0x9448608d36e721ef403c53b00546068a6474d6cbab6816c3926de449898e7bce>
        let input = hex!("02f871018302a90f808504890aef60826b6c94ddf4c5025d1a5742cf12f74eec246d4432c295e487e09c3bbcc12b2b80c080a0f21a4eacd0bf8fea9c5105c543be5a1d8c796516875710fafafdf16d16d8ee23a001280915021bb446d1973501a67f93d2b38894a514b976e7b46dc2fe54598d76");
        let decoded = TransactionSigned::decode(&mut &input[..]).unwrap();

        let encoded = decoded.envelope_encoded();
        assert_eq!(encoded[..], input);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_envelop_decode() {
        // random tx: <https://etherscan.io/getRawTx?tx=0x9448608d36e721ef403c53b00546068a6474d6cbab6816c3926de449898e7bce>
        let input = bytes!("02f871018302a90f808504890aef60826b6c94ddf4c5025d1a5742cf12f74eec246d4432c295e487e09c3bbcc12b2b80c080a0f21a4eacd0bf8fea9c5105c543be5a1d8c796516875710fafafdf16d16d8ee23a001280915021bb446d1973501a67f93d2b38894a514b976e7b46dc2fe54598d76");
        let decoded = TransactionSigned::decode_enveloped(&mut input.as_ref()).unwrap();

        let encoded = decoded.envelope_encoded();
        assert_eq!(encoded, input);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_decode_signed_ec_recovered_transaction() {
        // random tx: <https://etherscan.io/getRawTx?tx=0x9448608d36e721ef403c53b00546068a6474d6cbab6816c3926de449898e7bce>
        let input = hex!("02f871018302a90f808504890aef60826b6c94ddf4c5025d1a5742cf12f74eec246d4432c295e487e09c3bbcc12b2b80c080a0f21a4eacd0bf8fea9c5105c543be5a1d8c796516875710fafafdf16d16d8ee23a001280915021bb446d1973501a67f93d2b38894a514b976e7b46dc2fe54598d76");
        let tx = TransactionSigned::decode(&mut &input[..]).unwrap();
        let recovered = tx.into_ecrecovered().unwrap();

        let mut encoded = BytesMut::new();
        recovered.encode(&mut encoded);

        let decoded = TransactionSignedEcRecovered::decode(&mut &encoded[..]).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(recovered, decoded)
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_decode_tx() {
        // some random transactions pulled from hive tests
        let s = "b86f02f86c0705843b9aca008506fc23ac00830124f89400000000000000000000000000000000000003160180c001a00293c713e2f1eab91c366621ff2f867e05ad7e99d4aa5d069aafeb9e1e8c9b6aa05ec6c0605ff20b57c90a6484ec3b0509e5923733d06f9b69bee9a2dabe4f1352";
        let tx = TransactionSigned::decode(&mut &hex::decode(s).unwrap()[..]).unwrap();
        let mut b = Vec::new();
        tx.encode(&mut b);
        assert_eq!(s, hex::encode(&b));

        let s = "f865048506fc23ac00830124f8940000000000000000000000000000000000000316018032a06b8fdfdcb84790816b7af85b19305f493665fe8b4e7c51ffdd7cc144cd776a60a028a09ab55def7b8d6602ba1c97a0ebbafe64ffc9c8e89520cec97a8edfb2ebe9";
        let tx = TransactionSigned::decode(&mut &hex::decode(s).unwrap()[..]).unwrap();
        let mut b = Vec::new();
        tx.encode(&mut b);
        assert_eq!(s, hex::encode(&b));
    }

    proptest::proptest! {
        #![proptest_config(proptest::prelude::ProptestConfig::with_cases(1))]

        #[test]
        fn test_parallel_recovery_order(txes in proptest::collection::vec(proptest::prelude::any::<Transaction>(), *PARALLEL_SENDER_RECOVERY_THRESHOLD * 5)) {
            let mut rng =rand::thread_rng();
            let secp = Secp256k1::new();
            let txes: Vec<TransactionSigned> = txes.into_iter().map(|mut tx| {
                 if let Some(chain_id) = tx.chain_id() {
                    // Otherwise we might overflow when calculating `v` on `recalculate_hash`
                    tx.set_chain_id(chain_id % (u64::MAX / 2 - 36));
                }

                let key_pair = KeyPair::new(&secp, &mut rng);

                let signature =
                    sign_message(B256::from_slice(&key_pair.secret_bytes()[..]), tx.signature_hash()).unwrap();

                TransactionSigned::from_transaction_and_signature(tx, signature)
            }).collect();

            let parallel_senders = TransactionSigned::recover_signers(&txes, txes.len()).unwrap();
            let seq_senders = txes.iter().map(|tx| tx.recover_signer()).collect::<Option<Vec<_>>>().unwrap();

            assert_eq!(parallel_senders, seq_senders);
        }
    }
}