feat: extract insert_state to ProviderCaches

[mattsse]

prep for #14589

no functional changes, extracts the insert loop into a function of ProviderCaches

[codspeed-hq]

CodSpeed Performance Report

Merging #14714 will degrade performances by 10.21%

_{Comparing matt/extract-insert-state-to-provider-cache (ff5c3e4) with main (1809ee5)}

Summary

❌ 1 regressions
✅ 76 untouched benchmarks

⚠️ Please fix the performance issues or acknowledge them on CodSpeed.

Benchmarks breakdown

	Benchmark	BASE	HEAD	Change
❌	hash builder[init size 10000 | update size 100 | num updates 1]	8.9 ms	9.9 ms	-10.21%