Skip pinning for actions present in exemption list

[shubham-stepsecurity]

@varunsh-coder please review the changes!

[step-security-bot]

Please find StepSecurity AI-CodeWise code comments below.

Code Comments

main.go

• [High]Handle errors effectively
  The error returned by the SecureWorkflow function may need to be handled more effectively to prevent potential exploitation of vulnerabilities or unexpected crashes of the system. Add an error handling mechanism that logs the error with enough contextual information to enable debugging and troubleshooting. Then, return a custom error message to the user indicating what went wrong, but do not expose sensitive information in the error message.
• [High]Use parameterized queries to prevent SQL injection attacks
  The input to SecureWorkflow is not sanitized before being passed to the database. This may lead to SQL injection attacks. Instead of concatenating the input directly into the query string, use parameterized queries to pass user-supplied input to the database. This can help prevent SQL injection vulnerabilities by ensuring that user data is properly escaped before being included in the query.
• [Medium]Validate input parameters
  The SecureWorkflow function takes several input parameters, but it does not appear to validate them. This can lead to unexpected or malicious behavior. Validate all input parameters before using them. Check for input length, format, type, and range to ensure that they conform to expectations. Return an appropriate error message to the user if any input parameter is invalid.
• [Medium]Sanitize user input
  The SecureWorkflow function accepts user input without sanitizing it. This can lead to code injection attacks and other security vulnerabilities. Sanitize and validate all user input before using it. Use a whitelist approach to allow only expected characters and format. Also, escape any user input that may be included in command invocations, dynamic queries, or HTML/CSS/JS output.
• [Low]Follow naming conventions and use descriptive names
  The function and variable names in the SecureWorkflow method do not conform to the naming conventions and are not descriptive enough. This may make it difficult for other engineers to understand the code and maintain it. Follow the standard naming conventions for Go code (e.g., camelCase or PascalCase). Use descriptive names that explain the purpose and meaning of the function or variable. Use comments to supplement the naming where necessary.

remediation/workflow/hardenrunner/addaction.go

• [High]Avoid using an underscore in function arguments; according to the Golang coding standard it can cause problems with readability in some cases
  The function argument 'pinActions' contains an underscore, which could potentially cause issues with readability and code maintenance. Update the function argument 'pinActions' to 'pinActionsAllowed'.
• [Medium]Avoid using blank identifiers in Go
  The blank identifier '_' is being used in the 'out, _ =' assignment statement. This could lead to issues down the line with code maintenance, debugging, and readability. Update the assignment statement to 'out, err :='. Optionally handle the 'err' variable, for example, by logging any errors returned.
• [Medium]Error handling should not be ignored; it is considered a bad practice
  The 'err' variable returned by 'PinAction' is being ignored, and not being handled properly. Update the code to handle the 'err' variable using the following pattern: 'if err != nil { return out, updated, err }'.

remediation/workflow/pin/pinactions.go

• [High]Avoid regular expression Denial of Service (ReDoS)
  The code uses an unbounded regular expression which can be exploited by attackers to cause denial of service (DoS) attacks. Use a bounded regular expression that does not allow exponential growth. For example, use 'regexp.MustCompile(`^[-a-zA-Z0-9_.]+@[-a-zA-Z0-9]+.[-a-zA-Z0-9.]+$')' instead.
• [High]Do not ignore errors
  The code calls 'yaml.Unmarshal' which can return an error that is not checked. Ignoring errors can lead to unexpected runtime issues. Check the return value of 'yaml.Unmarshal' using 'if err != nil { return inputYaml, updated, fmt.Errorf(unable to parse yaml: %w, err) }'
• [Medium]Validate input before parsing
  The function 'PinActions' takes 'inputYaml' as an argument without validating it. This can allow attackers to inject malicious input which can lead to security vulnerabilities. Validate the input 'inputYaml' before passing it to 'yaml.Unmarshal'. For example, ensure that it is not empty, not longer than a certain length, and does not contain any unexpected characters or characters outside the expected range. Return an error if the validation fails.
• [Medium]Use constant time comparison for secrets
  The code uses regular non-constant time comparison to compare strings. Attackers can exploit this to discover secrets. Use 'crypto/subtle' to compare strings in constant time. For example, use 'if subtle.ConstantTimeCompare([]byte(a), []byte(b)) == 1 { ... }' instead of 'if a == b { ... }'.
• [Low]Add input validation for exemptedActions
  The 'PinActions' function accepts 'exemptedActions' as an argument. However, it does not validate or sanitize this input, which can lead to unexpected or malicious behavior. Validate and sanitize the input 'exemptedActions' before using it in the function. For example, ensure that it is not empty, not longer than a certain length, does not contain any unexpected characters or characters outside the expected range, and is properly formatted. Return an error if the validation fails.
• [Low]Use ':= range' to declare localUpdated instead of 'var'
  The code declares the 'localUpdated' variable using 'var'. This can cause unintended side effects if the variable is used outside the scope it was declared in. Use ':= range' to declare 'localUpdated'. For example, change 'var localUpdated bool' to 'for _, step := range job.Steps { localUpdated := false ; ... }'.

remediation/workflow/pin/pinactions_test.go

• [High]Handle and log errors appropriately
  The log.Fatal() function stops the execution of the program after logging the error. This can result in a program crash and unexpected behavior. As per the authoritative source, the Go Programming Language Specification, the appropriate method to handle errors is by checking the returned error values and handling them appropriately. Replace log.Fatal() with appropriate error handling code. For example, you can log the error message using the log package and return an error variable.
• [High]Sanitize user input if possible
  The function PinActions takes user input as string input. This could create a possibility of code injection attack such as SQL injection or XSS. As per the authoritative source, the OWASP Foundation, user input must be sanitized before being used in the program. Sanitize the user input before using it in the PinActions() function. Use a commonly available sanitization library like Go's html.EscapeString() or ensure to limit user input to a valid set of characters or a predefined pattern.
• [Medium]Check for nil pointers before dereferencing
  The PinActions() method call passes nil as the second parameter. This can cause a panic if the code tries to dereference this pointer and lead to unexpected behavior. As per the authoritative source, Effective Go, Go programs should check for nil pointers before dereferencing them. Check if the pointer is nil before using it. For example: if pointer != nil { /* code using the pointer variable */ }
• [Low]Follow conventions for naming functions
  The function name 'PinActions' is not descriptive enough. Function names must clearly convey what the function does without requiring the caller to read its code. As per the authoritative source, the Go Code Review Comments, function names must be descriptive and follow the 'camelCase' naming convention. Use a name that clearly conveys the function's purpose while following the 'camelCase' naming convention. For example: pinActionsFromString.

remediation/workflow/secureworkflow.go

• [High]Avoid shadowing parameters
  The parameter 'exemptedActions' shadows another identifier defined at package level. This can cause issues such as subtle errors or even unexpected behavior that are difficult to debug. Rename the parameter 'exemptedActions' to a new identifier.
• [Low]Avoid unused variables
  The variable 'addedHardenRunner' is declared and assigned a value but never used, this can make code harder to read and understand. Remove the declaration of the variable 'addedHardenRunner'.
• [Low]Avoid unused variables
  The variable 'ignoreMissingKBs' is declared and assigned a value but never used, this can make code harder to read and understand. Remove the declaration of the variable 'ignoreMissingKBs'.

remediation/workflow/secureworkflow_test.go

• [High]Never ignore errors in production code
  Ignoring errors is dangerous as it can lead to unexpected behavior at runtime, such as an application crash or incorrect results being returned. Ignoring errors can also make it difficult to debug issues that may arise in production. Handle the error returned by SecureWorkflow function by either logging the error or returning it to the calling function.
• [Medium]Avoid using plain-text secrets in source code
  It is not secure to store plaintext secrets in source code, as they can be easily accessed by anyone with access to the code repository. Hardcoding secrets in source code also increases the risk of accidental exposure or leakage, as well as making it difficult to rotate secrets when necessary. Use a secure secret management tool to store secrets and retrieve them at runtime.
• [Medium]Avoid using sensitive data in log messages
  Sensitive data like passwords or authentication tokens should not be logged as it can lead to security breaches and unauthorized access. Log messages can be easily accessed by attackers, especially if the logs are not properly secured. Avoid logging sensitive data directly. Instead, mask or obfuscate the sensitive data before logging, or use a log management tool that supports secure logging of sensitive data.
• [Medium]Validate input data to ensure it is of the expected format and type
  Failing to validate input data can lead to unexpected behavior at runtime, such as crashes or errors being returned. It can also leave the application vulnerable to attacks such as injection attacks, where malicious input is used to exploit vulnerabilities in the application. Add data validation checks to SecureWorkflow function. For example, check that inputs are not null or empty, and that they match the expected data format and data type.
• [Low]Use constants instead of hardcoded values
  Using hardcoded values can make the code difficult to maintain and update in the future. It also increases the risk of introducing bugs by accidentally changing the value of a variable in one part of the code and forgetting to update it elsewhere. Use constants or configuration files to store values that may be subject to change, such as API endpoint URLs or maximum input sizes.

Feedback

We appreciate your feedback in helping us improve the service! To provide feedback, please use emojis on this comment. If you find the comments helpful, give them a 👍. If they aren't useful, kindly express that with a 👎. If you have questions or detailed feedback, please create n GitHub issue in StepSecurity/AI-CodeWise.

[varunsh-coder]

@varunsh-coder please review the changes!

@shubham-stepsecurity can you please add some test cases for this scenario?

[step-security-bot]

Please find StepSecurity AI-CodeWise code comments below.

Code Comments

testfiles/pinactions/output/exemptaction.yml

• [High]Using GITHUB_TOKEN in NUGET_KEY is not recommended
  The NUGET_KEY should not use GITHUB_TOKEN as the key to avoid the possibility of the token being leaked to external packages. GITHUB_TOKEN should only be used internally within the repository. Create a separate personal access token (PAT) with permission to write packages to the appropriate repository and use that token instead of GITHUB_TOKEN. Add the PAT as a repository secret and modify the action to use it in the NUGET_KEY field.
• [High]Use a specific version for action dependencies
  Using a commit hash or branch name as the version for action dependencies can potentially introduce unexpected behavior and security issues if the dependency changes or becomes compromised. Instead of using a commit hash or branch name, use a specific version number for the dependency by specifying the version tag or release number in the dependency declaration.
• [Medium]Explicitly specify action version
  Using an unspecified version for action dependencies can lead to unexpected behavior and potential security issues if the dependency changes or becomes compromised. Explicitly specify the version number for the action dependency instead of relying on the default behavior of selecting the latest version.
• [Medium]Add dotnet version in Setup
  Not specifying the dotnet version in the setup can cause compatibility issues if the default version conflicts with the required version. Add the dotnet version to the Setup dotnet action using the dotnet-version parameter.
• [Medium]Use project file path relative to the repository
  Using an absolute or non-canonical path for the project file causes the action to fail if the project file is moved or renamed. Use a relative path to the project file from the repository root instead of an absolute path or a non-canonical path.
• [Low]Add explicit checkout action
  Using the default checkout action can lead to potential security issues if the default settings are not secure enough for the repository. Add an explicit checkout action and configure it with the appropriate settings for the repository.

main.go

• [High]Validate user input
  The code blindly accepts user input without validation which can lead to security risks such as injection attacks. Validate and sanitize user input before passing it to the code. Read and follow the guidelines provided by the OWASP Input Validation Cheat Sheet.
• [Medium]Handle errors properly
  The code does not handle errors properly and simply logs the errors before returning a generic error message. This can lead to unhandled exceptions and undesired behavior in the application. Handle errors properly by following the best practices for error handling. Return informative error messages that help identify the root cause of the error and follow the guidance from the Go blog on error handling.
• [Medium]Implement secure defaults
  The code accepts nil values for sensitive arguments such as raw input and default credentials for DynamoDB connection. This can lead to unnecessary security risks if these arguments are not provided when invoking the function. Implement secure defaults for sensitive arguments by providing secure default values. This can include empty strings or safe defaults that do not compromise security. Use the guidance from the AWS documentation on securing Lambda functions to guide your implementation.

remediation/workflow/hardenrunner/addaction.go

• [High]Prevent Ignore Return Values
  The variable out is not being checked in the second assignment which could result in errors or unexpected behavior. An authoritative source for this recommendation is the Golang Effective Go documentation which states 'Don't just discard errors, no matter how trivial'. If the return value of the PinAction() function is an error type, check if the returned error is nil or not. If it is not nil, handle the error appropriately.
• [Low]Avoid Unused Variables in Function Signature
  The inputYaml and pinActions variables are not being used inside the function. An authoritative source for this recommendation is the Golang Effective Go documentation which states 'unused function arguments are an indication of a flawed design'. Remove the unused variables from the function signature.

remediation/workflow/pin/pinactions.go

• [High]Code Injection
  The code in this feed is prone to code injection because it is using the following method to execute commands: 'os/exec.Command'. Use 'os/exec.CommandContext' instead of 'os/exec.Command' and pass in a context with a timeout to prevent arbitrary command execution. If the application must accept inputs from a client, it must sanitize the input before passing it to shell commands.
• [High]Sensitive Data Exposure
  The code in this feed is exposing sensitive contents to the log files because the program is logging data. This issue enables an attacker to gain access to sensitive content such as passwords or tokens. Avoid logging sensitive information by using secure methods, such as writing logs to dedicated, secured datastores, only recording the minimum amount of data necessary, and using encryption when necessary. Always sanitize any user-provided input to prevent logging malicious content.
• [Medium]Hardcoded Secret
  The code in this feed is hardcoding secrets and credentials. Use credentials provider, environment variables or configuration files to store client secrets and credentials. Never store them in the program or code.
• [Medium]Path Traversal
  The code in this feed is prone to path traversal due to improper input validation. An attacker can use path traversal vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary commands and steal sensitive data. Sanitize all user input, use path validation in your code to prohibit invalid characters in paths and never trust user input. Use a deny list for characters or inputs that you do not expect.
• [Low]Unused Variables
  The code in this feed contains an unused variable 'err' in the function 'PinActions'. Remove the unused variable 'err' in the 'PinActions' function since it does not affect the outcome of the function.

remediation/workflow/pin/pinactions_test.go

• [High]Unintended Exemption of Vulnerable Actions
  The function PinActions can exempt certain actions that may be vulnerable. If not properly reviewed, this can introduce a potential vulnerability into your codebase. Update the function PinActions to remove adding exemptedActions(additional parameter in the function) and ensure that all actions are tested with the function.
• [Medium]Unvalidated Input Data
  The function PinActions receives an input of actions on which it performs checks and changes pin versions of the same. These inputs could be manipulated by attackers if correct input validation checks are not in place. Add an input validation check function to the code to ensure that no malicious code is passed on as input.
• [Medium]Shadowed Variables
  The variable name gotUpdated is already declared in function scope and is also being passed as a return variable. Programs should be written to minimize ambiguity about variable names, so renaming the inner declaration would make it clearer and minimize mistakes. Rename internal gotUpdated variable to updated.
• [Low]Unused Imports
  This test file imports the testing package, which is unused. Remove the testing package import statement.

remediation/workflow/secureworkflow.go

• [High]Function signature mismatch
  The function SecureWorkflow signature has changed. It used to take only two arguments (a map of strings and a string) as opposed to the new three arguments (a map of strings, a list of strings, and a string). This might cause breaking changes in the API consumer side and could lead to runtime errors. Change the API consumers calling the SecureWorkflow function to send a list of strings as a second parameter.
• [Medium]Missing error handling
  The return values of the function checker.ValidateCheckerDefinitions() and aws.GetLicenseData() are not being checked for errors and may return an error. The lack of error handling may lead to runtime errors and degraded system reliability. Add error handling for the output of checker.ValidateCheckerDefinitions() and aws.GetLicenseData(), ensuring that if any error occurs the system should return an error and stop executing the present function.
• [Medium]Misleading not null
  The conditions set in the language, such as the nil comparison in go, only check if the reference is not nil and not if the value stored in that reference is nil. Therefore the condition is misleading. It should be improved to check whether the value is actually non-nil rather than the reference stored in the variable. Update the conditional 'if &queryType == nil' to 'if queryType == nil', which ensures that it is the underlying value, not the reference or pointer, which is being compared.
• [Low]Misspelling
  The variable name 'queryTypee' contains an extra 'e' which should be removed to overcome any confusion. Rename the variable from 'queryTypee' to 'queryType'.

remediation/workflow/secureworkflow_test.go

• [High]Avoid passing sensitive data as plain text arguments
  The 'input' variable containing sensitive data is being passed as a plain text argument to the 'SecureWorkflow' function, which can allow it to be easily compromised. Sensitive data should be properly encrypted before being passed as an argument to the function. Alternatively, it can be passed through a secure channel such as HTTPS or encrypted messaging protocol.
• [Medium]Limit exposure of sensitive data by minimizing data retention time
  The sensitive data is being stored in plain text for an indefinite amount of time in the DynamoDB database by the 'mockDynamoDBClient' object. Sensitive data should be properly encrypted before being stored and should be retained only for the minimum amount of time necessary as per company or regulatory guidelines.
• [Medium]Ensure input validation and sanitization of user input to prevent attacks such as SQL injections and cross-site scripting(XSS) attacks by malicious inputs
  The 'queryParams' variable is being populated with user inputs directly without any validation or sanitization, which can lead to potential security vulnerabilities. The input parameters should be properly sanitized and validated before processing. Usage of libraries like OWASP ESAPI (Java), django.views.decorators.csrf (Python Django), or HTMLPurifier (PHP) can help prevent such attacks.
• [Medium]Avoid hardcoding confidential variables in code
  The 'queryParams' variable contains hardcoded confidential information, which can allow it to be easily compromised. Sensitive data should be kept out of source code and instead be stored in dedicated configuration files or environment variables.
• [Low]Use a secure random number generator
  The function is using the default math/rand package, which is not completely random and can potentially allow an attacker to predict generated values. Use the crypto/rand package to generate random numbers, which is more secure and cryptographically strong.

testfiles/pinactions/input/exemptaction.yml

• [High]Use explicitly defined versions in the workflow dependencies
  The workflow should explicitly define the version numbers of the dependencies used, to ensure stability and compatibility with other dependencies. In the 'uses' field for each step that uses a dependency, append an '@' symbol to the end of the dependency name, followed by the specific version number (e.g. 'actions/checkout@v1').
• [High]Sensitivity of the NUGET_KEY secret
  The NUGET_KEY secret is used for authentication and authorization purposes, and therefore its exposure could result in unauthorized access. Utilize a password manager to store and manage the NUGET_KEY secret. Also, limit the scope of NUGET_KEY secret to only the specific workflows that require it. Additionally, consider rotating the secret on a periodic basis.
• [Medium]Avoid commenting out significant sections of the workflow
  Commenting out non-trivial sections of code in workflow files is considered bad practice since it can complicate and reintroduce complexity in the development process. Additionally, commented-out code may become outdated and affect workflow execution efficiency. Delete the commented-out portion of the code since it is no longer needed. If the commented-out section is required at a later time, consider versioning the file, making a branch, or utilizing git stash or git worktree for temporary storage.
• [Medium]Use a stable release branch for workflow triggers
  Using a stable release branch (e.g. 'main' instead of 'master') for workflow triggers is considered a best practice. It increases code stability and the likelihood of having all critical issues addressed before production. Change the branch name used in the 'on -> push -> branches' field to the organization's stable release branch name (e.g. 'main').
• [Medium]Using mutually exclusive job identifiers
  Using mutually exclusive job identifiers is considered a best practice and prevents parallel execution of jobs that require the same resource. Rename the identifiers in the 'jobs' field to be unique for jobs that require exclusive access to resources (e.g. rename the second 'publish' job to 'publish1').
• [Low]Explicitly specify dotnet framework version
  The dotnet version is not explicitly defined in the action and this could lead to version conflicts arising between subsequent or external workflows. Add a 'with -> dotnet-version' field to the 'publish' and 'publish1' jobs, and specify the desired dotnet version (e.g. '3.1.200').
• [Low]Include newline character at end of file
  A best practice is to include a newline character at the end of files. Add a newline at the end of the file.

Feedback

We appreciate your feedback in helping us improve the service! To provide feedback, please use emojis on this comment. If you find the comments helpful, give them a 👍. If they aren't useful, kindly express that with a 👎. If you have questions or detailed feedback, please create n GitHub issue in StepSecurity/AI-CodeWise.