JAVA

Coding Conventions

• Java Code Style Guidelines - cornell
• Java Code Conventions - sun
• Java Style Guide - google
• Secure Coding Guidelines - oracle
• Checkstyle (v9.3 is last jre 8 compatible)
  • Command Line v9.3 - documentation
  • GitHub v9.3 - jar release
  • Maven v9.3 - jar release

Tutorials

• Java Programming - wikibooks
• Official Tutorial - oracle (history)
• Java Tutorials - jakob jenkov

Guides

• Annotations
• Collections
• Debugger - jdb
• Java 2D
• jshell - [user guide] [man page] [module summary]
• javadoc - [how to write] [technotes] [wikipedia]
• javac - [hacker’s guide]

Build Tools

• javac - online man page

  javac -source 1.4 -target 1.4 -Xlint:-options -bootclasspath j2sdk1.4.2_19\lib\classes.zip -extdirs "" *.java
  

• Eclipse Compiler for Java (ECJ) - coder lounge
  • Using the batch compiler - eclipse docs
  • Eclipse JDT Core - github
• Apache Ant - online docs
• Java Archive (JAR) Files - oracle
• javapackager - oracle

  javapackager -createjar -appclass package.ClassName -srcdir classes -outdir out -outfile outjar -v
  

Testing

• Programming With Assertions - oracle
• javap

  javap -verbose ClassName  # Get class file version
  

• ArchUnit
• JUnit 5
• JUnit 4
  • maven repo
  • junit-4.13.2 - last in 4.x series
• TestNG
  • maven repo
  • testng-7.5.1 - last jdk8 compatible

JVM

• JVMs

  • GraalVM - openjdk
  • Java VM Architecture Explained - freecodecamp
  • Java VM Guide - oracle
  • Java SE VM Specifications - oracle
  • OpenJ9 - eclipse

• Benchmark Suite

  • DaCapo
  • SPECjvm2008

• Monitor

  • JConsole
  • VisualVM [intro video]

Database

• Apache Derby - full-featured, open source relational database management system (RDBMS) that is based on Java technology and SQL.

  Derby is written and implemented completely in the Java programming language. Derby provides users with a small-footprint standards-based database engine that can be tightly embedded into any Java based solution. Derby ensures data integrity and provides sophisticated transaction support. In the default configuration there is no separate database server to be installed or maintained by the end user.

  The on-disk database format used by Derby is portable and platform-independent. You can move Derby databases from machine to machine without needing to modify the data. A Derby application can include a pre-built, populated database if it needs to, and that database will work in any Derby configuration.

Web

• Jetty - full-featured, standards based, open source web server and servlet container, providing support for HTTP/2, WebSocket, OSGi, JMX, JNDI, JAAS and other integrations. It's asynchronous, embeddable, extensible, and has a small footprint.

GUI

• JavaFX
  • API [2.2] [8] [11] [17] [21]
  • Docs [2.x] [8]
  • FAQ
  • CSS Reference [2.2] [8] [11] [17] [21]
  • Sample Applications & Tutorials
• Swing
  • API Docs
  • Event dispatch thread
  • Swing Architecture Overview
  • Tutorial
• SWT
  • github
• AWT
  • API Docs
  • technotes

Supplementary Characters in the Java Platform

---

Java Version History

The Java Version Almanac

JDK 1.0

• Class File Version: 45
• Api Documentation
• The Java Language Specification 1.0 - 1996

JDK 1.1

• Class File Version: 45.3
• API Documentation [.hlp]
• The Java Language Specification 1.0 - 1996

JDK 1.2

• Class File Version: 46
• The Java Language Specification 1.0 - 1996

JDK 1.3

• Class File Version: 47
• Minimum Target Version: 1.1
• The Java Language Specification 2.0 - 2000

JDK 1.4

• Class File Version: 48
• Minimum Source Version: 1.2
• Minimum Target Version: 1.1
• The Java Language Specification 2.0 - 2000

JDK 5

• Class File Version: 49
• Minimum Source Version: 1.2
• Minimum Target Version: 1.1
• API Documentation (.chm)
• Java 1.5 grammar (ANTLR v3)
• Java Language Specification 3 - 2005

JDK 6

• Class File Version: 50
• API Documentation (.chm)
• Java Language Specification 3 - 2005
• Features
  • swing enhancements
  • writer for .gif format
  • jar and zip enhancements
  • javafx 2.2 compatible
  • threeten-backport (date-time) compatible

JDK 7 (LTS - 07/2022)

• Class File Version: 51
• Minimum Source Version: 1.2
• Minimum Target Version: 1.1
• API Documentation (.chm: tutorial; api docs)
• Developer Guides
• Features
  • swing enhancements
  • javafx 2.2 (jdk7u6)
  • binary literals
  • numeric literal underscores
  • strings in switch
  • diamond operator
  • try with resources
  • catch multiple exceptions
  • file nio 2
    • wikipedia
    • tutorial
    • zip filesystem
  • ecc cryptography
  • tls 1.2
  • unicode 6.0
  • nimbus theme (6u10)
  • threeten-backport (date-time) compatible
• Language Spec - 2013

JDK 8 (LTS - 12/2030)

• Class File Version: 52
• Minimum Source Version: 1.2
• Minimum Target Version: 1.1
• Documentation Home
• API Documenation (.chm)
• Features / What's New
  • date-time api (threeten supplemental guide) (java mag article) (jsr 310 guide)
  • javadoc doclint
  • javadoc in javax.tools
  • javafx 8
  • jdbc 4.2
  • lambda expressions (java tutorial) (quick start) (part 1) (part2) (oreilly 1) (oreilly 2) (lambda state)
  • method references (java tutorial)
  • swing enhancements
  • unicode 6.2
• Language Spec - 2015
• Developer Guides
• JDK Tools and Utilities
• Tutorial
• Download

JDK 9

• Class File Version: 53
• Features
  • ahead-of-time compilation (using graal backend)
  • compile for old platform versions
  • convenience factory methods for collections
  • disable sha-1 certificates
  • gtk 3 on linux
  • hidpi graphics on windows and linux
  • javadoc search
  • javapackager (modular app packaging)
  • jlink
  • jshell (tutorial)
  • milling project coin
  • module system
  • modular jdk
  • multi-release jar files
  • platform specific desktop features
  • sha-3 hash algorithms
  • tiff image i/o
  • unicode 8.0

JDK 10

• Class File Version: 54
• Features
  • local-variable type inference
  • jit compiler (java-based; graal; experimental)
  • root certificates

JDK 11 (LTS - 09/2026 01/2032)

• Class File Version: 55
• Minimum Source Version: 6
• Minimum Target Version: 1.6
• API Documentation
• Features
  • flight recorder
  • http client
  • launch single-file source-code programs
  • local-variable syntax for lambda parameters
  • transport layer security (tls) 1.3
  • unicode 10
  • removed javafx modules
  • removed java web start (oracle)
• Language Spec - 2018

JDK 12

• Class File Version: 56

JDK 13

• Class File Version: 57

JDK 14

• Class File Version: 58
• Features
  • switch expressions
  • removed pack200

JDK 15

• Class File Version: 59
• Features
  • eddsa signature algo
  • shenandoah low-pause gc
  • text blocks
  • zgc scalable low-latency gc
  • removed nashorn

JDK 16

• Class File Version: 60
• Features
  • jpackage (packaging tool)
  • unix-domain socket channels
  • records (record classes) (serializable records)

JDK 17 (LTS >= 09/2029)

• Class File Version: 61
• Minimum Source Version: 7
• Minimum Target Version: 7
• API Documentation
• Features (release notes)
  • removed graal aot and jit compiler (retain JVMCI support for external compilers)
  • sealed classes
• Language Spec - 2021
• Download

JDK 18

• Class File Version: 62
• Features
  • utf-8 by default
  • simple web server (oracle blog)
  • code snippets in api docs
  • inet address resolution

JDK 19

• Class File Version: 63
• Features
  • linux risc-v port

JDK 20

• Class File Version: 64

JDK 21 (LTS - 09/2031)

• Class File Version: 65
• Minimum Source Version: 8
• Minimum Target Version: 8
• Features (release notes)
  • unnamed classes / instance main methods (preview)
  • virtual threads
  • sequenced collections
• Language Spec - 2023
• JDK Tools
• Download

JDK 22

• Class File Version: 66
• Features
  • foreign function & memory api
  • unnamed variables & patterns
  • launch multi-file source code programs

JDK 23

• Class File Version: 67
• Features
  • markdown documentation comments