[FLINK-36324] Harden runtime error cases for table builtin functions

[dawidwys]

What is the purpose of the change

To stabilize tests checking for runtime exceptions for SQL builtin functions.

It seems, depending on timing tableResult.await() does not always return a runtime exception. The safest way is to request the runtime exception directly from the cluster.

Verifying this change

The tests should pass

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): (yes / no)
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): (yes / no)
• The serializers: (yes / no / don't know)
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): (yes / no / don't know)
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: (yes / no / don't know)
• The S3 file system connector: (yes / no / don't know)

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (yes / no)
• If yes, how is the feature documented? (not applicable / docs / JavaDocs / not documented)

[dawidwys]

May I ask you @pnowojski for a review?

Copilot reviewed 2 out of 2 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

Comments suppressed due to low confidence (3)

flink-table/flink-table-planner/src/test/java/org/apache/flink/table/planner/functions/BuiltInFunctionTestBase.java:111

• [nitpick] The interface name TestCaseWithClusterClient is too verbose. Consider renaming it to ClusterClientTestCase.

interface TestCaseWithClusterClient

flink-table/flink-table-planner/src/test/java/org/apache/flink/table/planner/functions/BuiltInFunctionTestBase.java:104

• Ensure that the new behavior introduced by MiniClusterClient is covered by tests.

testCase.execute(new MiniClusterClient(miniCluster.getConfiguration(), miniCluster));

flink-table/flink-table-planner/src/test/java/org/apache/flink/table/planner/functions/BuiltInFunctionTestBase.java:474

• The method assertThatThrownBy should be updated to handle SerializedThrowable.

assertThatThrownBy(() -> tableResult.get().await())

[flinkbot]

CI report:

• 70a85ca UNKNOWN

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