🔧 Update CodeQL configuration

[burgholzer]

This PR updates the GitHub CodeQL configuration in anticipation of the deprecation of LGTM.
Most importantly, it adds further checks and a custom build step for C++ to also cover the Python bindings and the tests.
Finally, it also unifies and simplifies the whole configuration again.

By switching to the newer Ubuntu-22.04 runner, a recent enough Z3 version to build QMAP is available by default. This also allows the codeql-action/init action to properly build the Python package and (hopefully) provide better analysis.

The additional checks revealed a couple of tiny and easy to fix warnings/alerts that have subsequently been fixed.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 91.1%. Comparing base (96a3f29) to head (8ebfda7).
Report is 875 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@          Coverage Diff          @@
##            main    #107   +/-   ##
=====================================
  Coverage   91.1%   91.1%           
=====================================
  Files         20      20           
  Lines       1726    1728    +2     
  Branches     411     411           
=====================================
+ Hits        1573    1575    +2     
  Misses       153     153           

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

[burgholzer]

For some reason, CI is taking crazy long now. Reverting the floating point comparison check.
Correction: Stupid mistake on my end... flipped the condition.