feat(node): Add lru-memoizer instrumentation

[onurtemizkan]

Resolves: #13309

Adds integration for lru-memoizer using @opentelemetry/instrumentation-lru-memoizer.

This instrumentation does not create any spans. It only assigns the span context into memoized callbacks used in lru-memoizer's load.

Ported a test case from the original implementation and tested manually to validate.

[github-actions]

size-limit report 📦

Path	Size	% Change	Change
@sentry/browser	22.63 KB	-	-
@sentry/browser - with treeshaking flags	21.42 KB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing)	34.86 KB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay)	71.36 KB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay) - with treeshaking flags	61.79 KB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay with Canvas)	75.71 KB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	88.48 KB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback, metrics)	90.36 KB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. metrics)	26.91 KB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. Feedback)	39.77 KB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. sendFeedback)	27.29 KB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. FeedbackAsync)	32.08 KB	-	-
@sentry/react	25.38 KB	-	-
@sentry/react (incl. Tracing)	37.84 KB	-	-
@sentry/vue	26.8 KB	-	-
@sentry/vue (incl. Tracing)	36.75 KB	-	-
@sentry/svelte	22.76 KB	-	-
CDN Bundle	23.94 KB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing)	36.63 KB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay)	71.13 KB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	76.44 KB	-	-
CDN Bundle - uncompressed	70.14 KB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing) - uncompressed	108.6 KB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay) - uncompressed	220.48 KB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback) - uncompressed	233.69 KB	-	-
@sentry/nextjs (client)	37.8 KB	-	-
@sentry/sveltekit (client)	35.43 KB	-	-
@sentry/node	125.13 KB	+0.17%	+215 B 🔺
@sentry/node - without tracing	93.57 KB	-	-
@sentry/aws-serverless	103.28 KB	-	-

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