feat: security requirements override

[tofran]

Closes #4016
This started as a fix to the issue above, but after thorough consideration this needs a feature which I called security_override.

With security_override you can override OpenAPI's security requirements passed via security in any layer of your application (app, router, route).

Refer to the included docstrings for more information.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 98.35%. Comparing base (27a5b1d) to head (f8b366a).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #4018   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   98.35%   98.35%           
=======================================
  Files         347      347           
  Lines       15783    15786    +3     
  Branches     1745     1746    +1     
=======================================
+ Hits        15523    15526    +3     
  Misses        124      124           
  Partials      136      136           

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[github-actions]

Documentation preview will be available shortly at https://litestar-org.github.io/litestar-docs-preview/4018

[provinzkraut]

@tofran There seem to be some test failures. Can you address those?

[tofran]

@provinzkraut

Looks like linting is failing in the upstream. It started failing by updating the branch based on main.

tests/unit/test_openapi/test_security_schemes.py:48: error: X | Y syntax for unions requires Python 3.10  [syntax]
tests/unit/test_openapi/test_security_schemes.py:51: error: Untyped decorator makes function "route_security_not_specified" untyped  [misc]
tests/unit/test_openapi/test_security_schemes.py:54: error: Untyped decorator makes function "route_with_security" untyped  [misc]
tests/unit/test_openapi/test_security_schemes.py:57: error: Untyped decorator makes function "route_with_security_override" untyped  [misc]
tests/unit/test_openapi/test_security_schemes.py:60: error: Untyped decorator makes function "route_with_empty_security" untyped  [misc]
tests/unit/test_openapi/test_security_schemes.py:63: error: Untyped decorator makes function "route_with_empty_security_override" untyped 

Maybe I can make a separate PR to addrress this.