Add version-related keys to RbConfig::CONFIG #4839

Job	Run time
build jvm	6m 15s
build native	13m 20s
lint	13m 27s
ruby/spec on CRuby 3.0	3m 23s
ruby/spec on CRuby 3.1	3m 31s
ruby/spec on CRuby 3.2	2m 58s
fast specs	2m 5s
test integration	9m 41s
specs :truffle	14m 36s
specs :language :core	12m 29s
specs :library :cext :security :command_line :tracepoint	9m 25s
test native	3m 29s
run MRI tests on native	14m 41s
	1h 49m 20s

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