Teach structured errors to display short Ty<'_>

[estebank]

Make it so that in every structured error annotated with #[derive(Diagnostic)] that has a field of type Ty<'_>, the printing of that value into a String will look at the thread-local storage TyCtxt in order to shorten to a length appropriate with the terminal width. When this happen, the resulting error will have a note with the file where the full type name was written to.

error[E0618]: expected function, found `((..., ..., ..., ...), ..., ..., ...)``
 --> long.rs:7:5
  |
6 | fn foo(x: D) { //~ `x` has type `(...
  |        - `x` has type `((..., ..., ..., ...), ..., ..., ...)`
7 |     x(); //~ ERROR expected function, found `(...
  |     ^--
  |     |
  |     call expression requires function
  |
  = note: the full name for the type has been written to 'long.long-type-14182675702747116984.txt'
  = note: consider using `--verbose` to print the full type name to the console

Follow up to and response to the comments on #136898.

r? @oli-obk

[rustbot]

Some changes occurred to the CTFE / Miri interpreter

cc @rust-lang/miri, @rust-lang/wg-const-eval

Some changes occurred in compiler/rustc_passes/src/check_attr.rs

cc @jdonszelmann

Some changes occurred in match checking

cc @Nadrieril

Some changes occurred to the CTFE machinery

cc @rust-lang/wg-const-eval

Some changes occurred in need_type_info.rs

cc @lcnr

[oli-obk]

@bors r+

[bors]

📌 Commit 2dcd85f has been approved by oli-obk

It is now in the queue for this repository.

[fmease]

Needs rebase due to #135726 which added

impl IntoDiagArg for RustcVersion {
    fn into_diag_arg(self) -> DiagArgValue {
        DiagArgValue::Str(Cow::Owned(self.to_string()))
    }
}

to https://github.com/rust-lang/blobrust/blob/compiler/rustc_errors/src/diagnostic_impls.rs.

(CI failed in rollup #137607: #137607 (comment))

@bors r-